









► 


1 



* 


V 


, **-• 

•- * > » 




"** * ; 



y 





» 



* 


* 




























. . VIRGINIA . . 


Constitutional Convention 

DIRECTORY 

1901 

PUBLISHED BY 


J. L. 


Hill Printing Company 




Richmond, Virginia. 

\q>0 I A 


r 










%D 

1<L 



< < < > 

S' 








Table of Contents. 


Constitution of Virginia.1-31 

Suffrage Clauses of 

Mississippi.32-34 

South Carolina.34-37 

Louisiana.38-46 

North Carolina.46-48 


List of Committees appointed in former Virginia Con¬ 
stitutional Conventions. 49 

Table showing how judges are chosen in each State . . 50 

Important financial statistics.51-52 

Act providing for the Constitutional Convention of 1901, 53-58 
Biographical data concerning each member, giving P. 

O. addresses, &c.59-71 

List of counties and cities showing by whom represented 72-73 
Blank pages on which to insert printed list of members 
of each committee to be appointed 


74-93 














Constitution of tlic State of Virginia’" 

As Ratified by Vote of the People July 6 , 1869 , with Subsequent 
Amendments thereto Incorporated. 

1901 . 


Whereas the delegates and representatives of the good 
people of Virginia, in convention assembled, on the twenty- 
ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and seventy-six, reciting and declaring, that 
whereas George the Third, King of Great Britain and 
Ireland, and elector of Hanover, before that time entrusted 
with the exercise of the kingly office in the government of 
Virginia, had endeavored to pervert the same into a detesta¬ 
ble and insupportable tyranny, by putting his negative on 
laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good; 
by denying his governors permission to pass laws of im¬ 
mediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their 
operation for his assent, and when so suspended, neglecting 
to attend to them for many years; by refusing to pass cer¬ 
tain other laws unless the persons to be benefited by them 
would relinquish the inalienable right of representation in 
the Legislature; by dissolving legislative assemblies, re¬ 
peatedly and continually, for opposing with manly firmness 
his invasions of the rights of the people; when dissolved by 
refusing to call others for a long space of time, thereby leav¬ 
ing the political system without any legislative head; by en¬ 
deavoring to prevent the population of our country, and for 
that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foi - 
eigners; by keeping among us, in time of peace, standing 
armies and ships of war; by affecting to render the military 
independent of and superior to the civil power; by combin- 

*As to the amendments, see Art. 12 of the Constitution; Acts 1870-71. p. 
397, Ch 104; Acts 1871-72, p. 22; Ch. 32; Id. p. 212, Ch 164; Acts 1872-3, p. 274, 
Ch. 301; Acts 1874, p. 95 Ch 106; Id p. 208. ch 188; Acts 1874-5, p. 200, ch. 
192; Id. p 399, Ch 315; Acts 1875-6 p 82. ch. 87; Id. p. 87, Ch, 88; Acts 1879- 
80 p 296, Ch. 309; Acts 1881-2, p 79, Ch. 78; Id. p 213. Ch. 203; Acts 1891-2, 
ch. 307. p. 497; Acts 1893-4, ch. 228, p. 240 ; Id. ch. 232, p. 248; and proclama¬ 
tions of the governor showing the ratification of the several amendments, 
on file in the office of the Secretary of the commonwealth. 







2 


ing with others to subject us to a foreign jurisdiction, giving 
his assent to their pretended acts of legislation for quarter¬ 
ing large bodies of armed troops among us; for cutting off 
our trade with all parts of the world; for imposing taxes on 
us without our consent; for depriving us of the benefit of 
trial by jury; for transporting us beyond the seas for trial 
for pretended offenses; for suspending our own legislatures, 
and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate 
for us in all cases whatsoever; by plundering our seas, 
ravaging our coasts, burning our towns, and destroying the 
lives of our people: by inciting insurrection of our fellow- 
subjects with the allurements of forfeiture and confiscation; 
by prompting our negroes to rise in arms among us—those 
very negroes whom, by an inhuman use of his negative, he 
had refused us permission to exclude by law; by endeavoring 
to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless 
Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistin¬ 
guished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions of 
existence; by transporting hither a large army of foreign 
mercenaries to complete the work of death, desolation, and 
tyranny, then already begun, with circumstances of cruelty 
and perfidy unworthy the head of a civilized nation; by an¬ 
swering our repeated petitions for redress with a repetition 
of our injuries; and finally, by abandoning the helm of gov¬ 
ernment and declaring us out of his allegiance and protec¬ 
tion—by which several acts of misrule the government of 
this country, as before exercised under the crown of Great 
Britain, was totally dissolved—did, therefore, having ma¬ 
turely considered the premises, and viewing with great con¬ 
cern the deplorable condition to which this once happy coun¬ 
try would be reduced unless some regular, adequate mode 
of civil policy should be speedily adopted, and in compliance 
with the recommendations of the general congress, ordain 
and declare a form of government of Virginia. 

And whereas a convention, held on the first Monday in 
October, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty- 
nine, did propose to the people of this Commonwealth an 
amended Constitution or form of government, which was 
ratified by them: and 

Whereas the General Assembly of Virginia, by an act 
passed on the fourth of March, in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and fifty, did provide for the election, by the 
people, of delegates to meet in general convention, to con¬ 
sider, discuss, and propose a new constitution, or alterations 
and amendments to the existing constitution of this Com¬ 
monwealth; and by an act passed on the thirteenth of 










3 


March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, 
did further provide for submitting the same to the people 
for ratification or rejection, and the same having been sub¬ 
mitted accordingly was ratified by them; and 
Whereas the General Assembly of Virginia, by an act 
passed on the twenty-first day of December, in the year one 
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, did provide for the 
election, by the people, of delegates to meet in general con¬ 
vention, to consider, discuss, and adopt alterations and 
amendments to the existing Constitution of this Common¬ 
wealth, the delegates so assembled did, therefore, having 
maturely considered the premises, adopt a revised and 
amended Constitution as the form of government of Vir¬ 
ginia; and 

Whereas the Congress of the United States did, by an act 
passed on the second day of March, in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-seven, and entitled “An act to pro¬ 
vide for the more efficient government of the rebel States,” 
and by acts supplementary thereto passed on the twenty- 
third day of March and the nineteenth day of July, in the 
year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, provide 
for the election, by the people of Virginia qualified to vote 
under the provisions of said acts, of delegates to meet in con¬ 
vention to frame a constitution or form of government for 
Virginia in conformity with said acts; and by the same acts 
did further provide for the submitting of such Constitution 
to the qualified voters for ratification or rejection; 

We, therefore, the delegates of the good people of Vir¬ 
ginia, elected and in convention assembled, in pursuance of 
said act, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, 
do propose to the people the following Constitution and form 
of government for this Commonwealth: 

ARTICLE I. 

BILL OF RIGHTS. 

A declaration of rights made by the representatives of the good 
people of Virginia, assembled in full and free convention; 
which rights do pertain to them and their posterity as the 
basis and foundation of government. 

1. That all men are by nature equally free and indepen¬ 
dent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they 
enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, 
deprive or divest their posterity—namely, the enjoyment of 


4 


life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing 
property and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety. 

2 . That, this State shall ever remain a member of the 
United States of America, and that, the people thereof are a 
part of the American nation, and that all attempts, from 
whatever source or upon whatever pretext, to dissolve said 
union or to sever said nation are unauthorized, and ought 
to be resisted with the whole power of the State. 

3. That the Constitution of the United States and the laws 
of Congress passed in pursuance thereof constitute the su¬ 
preme law of the land, to which paramount allegiance and 
obedience are due from every citizen, anything in the Con¬ 
stitution, ordinances, or laws of any State to the contrary 
notwithstanding. 

4. That all power is vested in, and consequently derived 
from, the people; that magistrates are their trustees and ser¬ 
vants, and at all times amenable to them. 

5. That government is, or ought to be, instituted for the 
common benefit, protection, and security of the people, na¬ 
tion, or community; of all the various modes and forms of 
government, that is best which is capable of producing the 
greatest degree of happiness and safety, and is most effec¬ 
tually secured against the danger of maladministration; and 
that when any government shall be found inadequate or con¬ 
trary to these purposes, a majority of the community hath 
an indubitable, inalienable, and indefeasible right to reform, 
alter, or abolish it, in such manner as shall be judged most 
conducive to the public weal. 

6 . That no man or set of men are entitled to exclusive or 
separate emoluments or privileges from the community but 
in consideration of public services; which, not being de¬ 
scendible, neither ought the offices of magistrate, legislator, 
or .judge be hereditary. 

7. That the legislative, executive, and judicial powers 
should be separate and distinct; and that the members 
thereof may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and 
participating the burthens of the people, they should, at 
fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into 
that body from which they were originally taKen. and the 
vacancies be supplied by frequent, certain, and regular elec¬ 
tions, in which all or any part of the former members to be 
again eligible or ineligible, as the laws shall direct. 

8 . that all elections ought to be free, and that all men 
having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest 
with, and attachment to, the community, have the right of 
















■V*. ■'* 










* 


























. 


■ 










* 























/io - Jo ushnu* i/ 

, /kMs Kt&aaX** ^ 

— £~i 

/L 07 MMU &*tAi A^MAthA 0 fi*mJ 

7Z* •foc?~. t4u. zs~. fa 



Z*[i 4 l < to <<i u i* 

4r w Cot*A* <u hnvnu*t* f ct**> Vvrl* 

A ’ j • ^ • ' ~-f ' 

JZftH*%%t /ko t9(Ma6 C«A> 

/A* . oft/ iUiT V-iwL. - 

&v*,tu* 6 r fiu** 



5 


suffrage, and cannot be taxed or deprived of their property 
for public uses without their own consent or that of their 
representatives so elected, nor bound by any law to which 
they have not in like manner assented for the public good. 

9. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of 
laws by any authority, without consent of the representa¬ 
tives of the people, is injurious to their rights, and ought not 
to be exercised 

10. 'That in all criminal or capital prosecutions a man hath 
a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to 
be confronted with his accusers and witnesses, to call for 
evidence in his favor, and to a speedy trial by an impartial 
jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he 
cannot be found guilty; but the General Assembly may, by 
law, provide for the trial otherwise than by a jury of a man 
accused of a criminal offense, not punishable by death or 
confinement in the penitentiary; nor can he oe compelled to 
give evidence against himself; that no man be deprived of 
his liberty except by the law of the land or the judgment of 
his peers. 

11. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor ex¬ 
cessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment in¬ 
flicted. 

12. That general warrants, whereby an officer or messen¬ 
ger may be commanded to search suspected places without 
evidence of a fact committed, or to seize any person or per¬ 
sons not named, or whose offense is not particularly de¬ 
scribed and supported by evidence, are grievous and op¬ 
pressive, and ought not to be granted. 

13. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits 
between man and man, the trial by jury is preferable to any 
other, and ought to be held sacred. 

14. That the freedom of the press is one of the great bul¬ 
warks of liberty, and can never be restrained but by despotic 
governments, and any citizen may speak, write, and publish 
his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the 
abuse of that liberty. 

15. That a well-regulated militia, composed of the body of 
the people trained to arms, is the proper, natural, and safe 
defense of a free State; that standing armies, in time of 
peace, should be avoided as dangerous to liberty, and that 
in all cases the military should be under strict subordination 
to, and governed by. the civil power. 

16. That the people have a right to uniform government; 
and, therefore, that no government separate from or inde- 



6 


pendent of the government of Virginia ought to be erected 
or established within the limits thereof. 

17. That no free government or the blessings of liberty 
can be preserved to any people but by a firm adherence to 
justice, moderation, temperance, and virtue, and by a fre¬ 
quent recurrence to fundamental principles. 

18. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, 
and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by 
reason and conviction, not by force or violence; and, there¬ 
fore, all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of re¬ 
ligion according to the dictates of conscience, and that it is 
the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, 
love, and charity towards each other. 

19. That neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except 
as lawful imprisonment may constitute such, shall exist 
within this State. 

20. That all citizens of the State are hereby declared to 
possess equal civil and political rights. 

21. The rights enumerated in this bill of rights shall not 
be construed to limit other rights of the people not therein 
expressed. 

The declaration of the political rights and privileges of the 
inhabitants of this State is hereby declared to be a part of 
the Constitution of this Commonwealth, and shall not be 
violated on any pretense whatever. 

ARTICLE II. 

DIVISION OF POWERS. 

The legislative, executive, and judiciary departments shall 
be separate and distinct, so that neither exercise the powers 
properly belonging to either of the others; nor shall any 
person exercise the power of more than one of them at the 
same time, except as hereinafter provided. 

ARTICLE III. 


ELECTIVE FRANCHISE AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICE. 

Section 1. Every male citizen of the United States, twenty- 
one years old, who shall have been a resident of the State 
twelve months and of the county, city, or town in which he 
shall offer to vote, three months next preceding any election, 
shall be entitled to vote for members of the General As- 








7 


sembly and all officers elected by the people: provided, that 
no officer, soldier, seaman, or marine of the United States 
army or navy shall be considered a resident of this State by 
reason of being stationed therein: and provided, also, that 
the following persons shall be excluded from voting: 

First. Idiots and lunatics. 

Second. Persons convicted of bribery in any election, em¬ 
bezzlement of public funds, treason, felony, or petit larceny. 

Third. No person who, while a citizen of this State, has 
since the adoption of this Constitution fought a duel with 
a deadly weapon, sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel 
with a deadly weapon, either within or beyond the bounda¬ 
ries of this State, or knowingly conveyed a challenge, or 
aided or assisted in any manner in lighting a duel, shall be 
allowed to vote or hold any office of honor, profit, or trust 
under this Constitution. 

Sec. 2. All elections shall be by ballot, and all persons en¬ 
titled to vote shall be eligible to any office wimm tne gift 
of the people, except as restricted in this Constitution. 

Sec. 3. All persons entitled to vote and hold office, and 
none others, shall be eligible to sit as jurors. 

Sec. 4. No voter, during the time of holding any election 
at which he is entitled to vote, shall be compelled to per¬ 
form military service, except in time of war or public danger, 
to work upon public roads, or to attend any court as suitor, 
juror, or witness; and no voter shall be subject to arrest 
under any civil process during his attendance at election, or 
in going to or returning from them. 

Oath of Office. 

Sec. 5. All persons, before entering upon the discharge of 
any function as officers of this State, must take and sub¬ 
scribe the following oath or affirmation: 

“I,.. do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I 

will support and maintain the Constitution and laws of the 
United States and the Constitution and laws of the State of 
Virginia; that I recognize and accept the civil and political 
equality of all men before the law, and that 1 will faithfully 

perform the duty of.to the best of my ability. So help 

me God.” 




8 


ARTICLE IV. 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 


Governor. 

Section 1. The chief executive power in this Common¬ 
wealth shall be vested in a Governor. He shall hold office 
for a term of four years, to commence on the first day of 
January next succeeding his election, and be ineligible to 
the same office for the term next succeeding that for which 
he was elected, and to any other office during his term of 
service. 

Sec. 2. The Governor shall be elected by the voters at the 
times and places of choosing members of the General As¬ 
sembly. Returns of elections shall be transmitted, under 
seal, by the proper officers to the Secretary of the Common¬ 
wealth, who shall deliver them to the Speaker of the House 
of Delegates on the first day of the next session of the Gen¬ 
eral Assembly. The Speaker of the House of Delegates shall, 
within one week thereafter, in presence of a majority of the 
Senate and House of Delegates, open the said returns, and 
the votes shall then be counted. The person having the 
highest number of votes shall be declared elected; but if 
two or more shall have the highest and an equal number of 
votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor by a joint vote 
of the two houses of the General Assembly. Contested elec¬ 
tions for Governor shall be decided by a like vote, and the 
mode of proceeding in such cases shall be prescribed by 
law. 

Sec, 3. No person except a citizen of the United States 
shall be eligible to the office of Governor; and if such person 
be of foreign birth, he must have been a citizen of the 
United States for ten years next preceding his election; nor 
shall any person be eligible to that office unless he shall 
have attained the age of thirty years, and have been a resi¬ 
dent of this State for three years next preceding his elec¬ 
tion. 

Sec. 4. The Governor shall reside at the seat of govern¬ 
ment; shall receive five thousand dollars for each year of 
his service, and while in office shall receive no other emolu¬ 
ment from this or any other government. 

Sec. 5. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully exe¬ 
cuted: communicate to the General Assembly at every ses- 


y 








9 


sion the condition of the Commonwealth; recommend to 
their consideration such measures as he may deem ex¬ 
pedient, and convene the General Assembly on application 
of two-thirds of the members of both houses thereof, or 
when, in his opinion, the interest of the Commonwealth may 
require it. He shell be commander-in-chief of the land and 
naval forces of the State; have power to embody the militia 
to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, and enforce the 
execution of the laws; conduct, either in person or in such 
manner as shall be prescribed by law, all intercourse with 
other and foreign States: and during the recess of the Gen¬ 
eral Assembly to fill, pro tempore, all vacancies in those 
offices for which the Constitution and laws make no pro¬ 
vision; but his appointments to such vacancies shall be by 
commissions, to expire at the end of thirty days after the 
commencement of the next session of the General Assembly. 
He shall have power to remit fines and penalties in such 
cases and under such rules and regulations as may be pre¬ 
scribed by law. and except when the prosecution has been 
carried on by the House of Delegates; to grant reprieves and 
pardons after conviction; to remove political disabilities 
consequent upon conviction for offenses committed prior or 
subsequent to the adoption of this Constitution, and to com¬ 
mute capital punishment; but he shall communicate to the 
General Assembly, at each session, particulars of every case 
of fine or penalty remitted, of reprieve or pardon granted, 
and of punishment commuted, with his reasons for remit¬ 
ting, granting, or commuting the same. 

Sec. 6. He may require information, in writing, from the 
officers in the executive department upon any subject relat¬ 
ing to the duties of their respective offices; and may also 
require the opinion, in writing, of the Attorney-General upon 
any question of law connected with his duties. 

Sec. 7. Commissions and grants shall run in the name of 
the Commonwealth of Virginia, and be attested by the Gov¬ 
ernor, with the seal of the Commonwealth annexed. 

Sec. 8. Every bill which shall have passe- the Senate and 
House of Delegates, and every resolution requiring the as¬ 
sent of both branches of the General Assembly, shall, before 
it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he ap¬ 
proves, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with 
his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated, 
who shall enter the objections at large on their journal and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such consideration, two- 
thirds of the members present shall agree to pass the bill or 


10 


joint resolution, it shall be sent, together with the objec¬ 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be re¬ 
considered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the members 
present, it shall become a law. notwithstanding the objec¬ 
tions of the Governor. But in all such cases the votes of 
both houses shall be determined by ayes and noes, and the 
names of the members voting for and against the bill or 
joint resolution shall be entered on the journal of each 
house, respectively. If any bill or resolution shall not be 
returned by the Governor within five days (Sundays ex¬ 
cepted) after it shall have been presented to him. the same 
shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless 
the Legislature shall, by their adjournment, prevent its re¬ 
turn, in which case it shall not be a law. 

L ieu ten a n t-(lo rn'it or. 

Sec. 9. A Lieutenant-Governor shall be elected at the same 
time and for the same term as the Governor, and his qualifi¬ 
cation and the manner of his election in all respects shall 
be the same. 

Sec. 10. In case of the removal of the Governor from office, 
or of his death, failure to qualify, resignation, removal from 
the State, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of 
the office, the said office, with its compensation, shall de¬ 
volve upon the Lieutenant-Governor; and the General As¬ 
sembly shall provide by law for the discharge of the execu¬ 
tive functions in other necessary cases. 

Sec. 11. The Lieutenant-Governor shail be president of the 
Senate, but shall have no vote except in case of an equal 
division; and while acting as such shall receive a compensa¬ 
tion equal to that allowed to the Speaker of the House of 
Delegates. 

Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, and Auditor. 

Sec. 12. A Secretary of the Commonwealth. Treasurer and 
Auditor of Public Accounts shall be elected by the joint vote 
of the two houses of the General Assembly, and continue in 
office for the term of two years, unless sooner relieved. The 
salary of each shall be determined by law. 

Sec. 13. The Secretary shall keep a record of the official 
acts of the Governor, which shall be signed by the Governor 
and attested by the Secretary; and when required, he shall 
lay the same, and any papers, minutes, and vouchers per- 


















. 



















































11 


taining to his office, before either house of the General As¬ 
sembly; and shall perform such other duties as may be pre¬ 
scribed by law. All fees received by the Secretary shall be 
paid into the treasury. 

Sec. 14. The powers and duties of the Treasurer and Audi¬ 
tor shall be such as are now or may hereafter be prescribed 
by law. 

Sec. 15. There may he established in the office of the Secre¬ 
tary of State a bureau of statistics, and a bureau of agricul¬ 
ture. chemistry, and geology, under such regulations as may 
be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 16. The General Assembly shall have power to estab¬ 
lish a bureau of agriculture and immigration under such 
regulations as may be prescribed. 

Board of Public Works. 

Sec. 17. There shall be a Board of Public Works, to consist 
of the Governor, Auditor, and Treasurer of the Common¬ 
wealth, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. 

ARTICLE V. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Section 1. The legislative power of this Commonwealth 
shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist 
of a Senate and House of Delegates. 

Sec. 2. The House of Delegates shall be elected biennially 
by the voters of the several cities and counties on the Tues¬ 
day succeeding the first Monday in November, and shall 
from and after the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in 
November, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, consist of 
not more than one hundred, and not less than ninety mem¬ 
bers. 

Sec. 3. Prom and after the same date the Senate shall con¬ 
sist of not less than thirty-three nor more than forty mem¬ 
bers. They shall be elected for the term of four years—for 
the election of whom the counties, cities, and towns shall be 
divided into districts. Each county, city and town of the 
respective districts shall, at the time of the first election of 
its delegate or delegates under this amendment, vote for one 
or more senators. The senators first elected under this 
amendment in districts bearing odd numbers shall vacate 
their offices at the end of two years; and those elected in 







12 


districts bearing even numbers, at the end 01 four years; and 
vacancies occurring by expiration of term shall be filled by 
the election of senators for the full term. 

Sec. 4. An apportionment of senators and members of the 
House of Delegates shall be made at the regular session of 
the General Assembly next preceding the Tuesday after the 
first Monday in November, eighteen hundred and seventy- 
nine, or sooner. A reapportionment shall be made in the 
year eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and every tenth year 
threafter. 


Qualification of Senators and Delegated. 

Sec. 5. Any person may be elected senator who, at the 
time of election, is actually a resident within the county, 
city, town, or election district, qualified the General As¬ 
sembly according to this Constitution; and any person may 
be elected a member of the House of Delegates who, at the 
time of election, is actually a resident within the county, 
city, town, election district, qualified to vote for members of 
the General Assembly according to this Constitution. But 
no person holding a salaried office under the State govern¬ 
ment shall be capable of being elected a member of either 
house of the General Assembly. The removal of any per¬ 
son elected to either branch of the General Assembly from 
the city, county, town, or district for which he was elected 
shall vacate his office. 

Powers and Duties of the General Assembly. 

Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall meet once in two 
years, and not oftener, unless convened by the Governor in 
the manner prescribed in this Constitution. No session of 
the General Assembly, after the first under this amendment, 
shall continue longer than ninety days without the concur¬ 
rence of three-fifths of the members elected to each house; 
in which case the session may be extended for a further 
period, not exceeding thirty days. Neither house during 
the session of the General Assembly shall, without the con¬ 
sent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to 
any other place than that in which the two houses shall be 
sitting. A majority oh the members elected to each house 
shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller num¬ 
ber may adjourn from day to day, and shall have power to 
compel the attendance of absent members in such manner 
and under such penalty as each house may prescribe. 









13 


Sec. 7. The House of Delegates shall choose its own 
Speaker; and in the absence of the Lieutenant-Governor, or 
when lie shall exercise the office of the Governor, the Senate 
shall choose from their own body a president pro tempore; 
and each house shall appoint its own officers, settle its own 
rules of proceeding, and direct writs of election for supply¬ 
ing intermediate vacancies; but if vacancies shall occur dur¬ 
ing the recess of the General Assembly, such writs may be 
issued by the Governor, under such regulations as may be 
prescribed by law. Each house shall judge of the election, 
qualification, and returns of its members; may punish them 
for disorderly behavior, and. with the concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a member. 

Sec. 8. The members of the General Assembly shall re¬ 
ceive for their services a salary, to be ascertained by law 
and paid out of the public treasury; but no act increasing 
such salary shall take effect until after the end of the term 
for which the members of the House of Delegates voting 
thereon were elected; and no senator or delegate, during the 
term for which he shall have been elected, shall be appointed 
to any civil office of profit under the Commonwealth which 
has been created, or the emoluments of which have been in¬ 
creased during such term, except offices filled by election by 
the people. 

Sec. 9. Bills and resolutions may originate in either of the 
two houses of the General Assembly, to be approved or re¬ 
jected by either, and may be amended by either house, with 
the consent of the other. 

Sec. 10. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep a 
journal of its proceedings, which shall be published from 
time to time; and the yeas and nays of the members of 
either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth 
of those present, be entered on the journal. No bill shall 
become a law until it has been read on three different days 
of the session in the house in which it originated, unless 
two-thirds of the members in that house shall otherwise 
determine. 

Sec. 11. The members of the General Assembly shall, in e 1 ! 
cases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privi¬ 
leged from arrest during the sessions of their respective 
houses; and for any speech or debate in either house they 
shall not be questioned in any other place. They shall not 
be subject to arrest, under any civil process, during the 
sessions of the General Assembly, nor for fifteen days next 






14 


before the convening and after the termination of each 
session. 

Sec. 12. The whole number of members which the State 
may at any time be entitled in the House of Representatives 
of the United States shall be apportioned, as nearly as may 
be, amongst the several counties, cities, and towns of the 
State according to their population. 

Sec. 13. In the apportionment the State shall be divided 
into districts corresponding in number with the representa¬ 
tives to which it may be entitled in the House of Represen¬ 
tatives of the Congress of the United States, which shall be 
formed, respectively, of contiguous counties, cities, and 
towns; be compact, and include, as nearly as may be, an 
equal number of population. 

Sec. 14. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not 
be suspended unless when, in cases of invasion or rebellion, 
the public safety may require it. The General Assembly 
shall not pass any bill of attainder, or any c.v post facto law, 
or any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or any law 
whereby private property shall be taken for public uses 
without just compensation, or any law abridging the free¬ 
dom of speech or of the press. No man shall be compelled 
to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or min¬ 
istry whatsoever, nor shall any man be enforced, restrained, * 
molested, or burthened in bis body or goods, or otherwise 
suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief, but all 
men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, 
their opinion in matters of religion, and the same shall in 
no wise affect, diminish, or enlarge their civil capacities. 
And the General Assembly shall not prescribe any religious 
test whatever, or confer any peculiar privileges or advan¬ 
tages on any sect or denomination, or pass any law requiring 
or authorizing any religious society, or the people of any 
district within this Commonwealth, to levy on themselves or 
others any tax for the erection or repair of any house of 
public worship, or for the support of any church or min¬ 
istry, but it shall be left free to every person to select his 
religious instructor, and to make for his support such private 
contract as he shall please. 

Sec. 15. No law shall embrace more than one object, which 
shall be expressed in its title; nor shall any law be revived 
or amended with reference to its title, but the act revived 
or the section amended shall be re-enacted and published 
at length 

Sec. 16. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, judges, and all 















15 


others offending against the State by maladministration, cor¬ 
ruption. neglect of duty, or other high crime or misde¬ 
meanor, shall be impeachable by the House of Delegates, and 
be prosecuted before the Senate, which shall have the sole 
power to try impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, 
they shall be on oath or affirmation, and no person shall be 
convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the mem¬ 
bers present. Judgment in case of impeachment shall not 
extend further than to removal from office and disqualifica¬ 
tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit 
under the Commonwealth; but the party convicted shall 
nevertheless be subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and 
punishment according to law. The Senate may sit during 
the recess of the General Assembly for the trial of im¬ 
peachment. 

Sec. 17. The General Assembly shall not grant a charter 
of incorporation to any church or religious denomination, 
but may secure the title to church property to an extent to 
be limited by law. 

Sec. 18. No lottery shall hereafter be authorized by law; 
and the buying, selling, or transferring of tickets or chances 
in any lottery shall be prohibited. 

Sec. 19. No new county shall be formed with an area of 
less than six hundred square miles; nor shall the county or 
counties from which it is formed be reduced below that 
area; nor shall any county having a population less than 
ten thousand be deprived of more than one-fifth of such 
population; nor shall a county having a larger population 
be reduced below eight thousand. But any county the 
length of which is three times its mean breadth, or which 
exceeds fifty miles in length, may be divided at the discre¬ 
tion of the General Assembly. In all general elections the 
voters in any count}' not entitled to separate representation 
shall vote in the same election district. 

Sec. 20. The General Assembly shall confer on the courts 
the power to grant divorces, change the names of persons, 
and direct the sale of estates belonging to infants and other 
persons under legal disability, but shall not, by special 
legislation, grant relief in such cases, or in any other case 
of which the courts or other tribunals may have jurisdiction. 

Sec. 21. The General Assembly shall provide for the an¬ 
nual registration of births, marriages, and deaths. 

Sec. 22. The manner of conducting and making returns of 
elections, of determining contested elections, and of filling 
vacancies in office, in cases not specially provided for by 








16 


this Constitution, shall be prescribed by law, and the Gen¬ 
eral Assembly may declare the cases in which any office 
shall he deemed vacant where no provision is made for that 
purpose in this Constitution. 

Sec. 23. The Legislature shall have power to provide for 
the government of cities and towns, and to establish such 
courts therein as may be necessary for the administration 
of justice. 

Sec. 24. The General Assembly shall have power, by a two- 
thirds vote, to remove diabilities incurred under clause third, 
section one, article third, of this Constitution, with reference 
to duelling. 


ARTICLE VI. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTME XT. 

Section 1. There shall be a Supreme Court of Appeals, cir¬ 
cuit courts, and county courts. The jurisdiction of these 
tribunals, and the judges thereof, except so far as the same 
is conferred by this Constitution, shall be regulated by law. 

Sec. 2. The Supreme Court of Appeals shall consist of five 
judges, any three of whom may hold a court. It shall have 
appellate jurisdiction only, except in cases of habeas corpus, 
niaariamns, and prohibition. It shall not have jurisdiction 
in civil cases where the matter in controversy, exclusive of 
costs, is less in value or amount than five hundred dollars, 
except in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of 
land, the probate of a will, the appointment or qualification 
of a personal representative, guardian, committee or curator; 
or concerning a mill, roadway, ferry, or landing; or the right 
of a corporation or of a county to levy tolls or taxes, and 
except in cases of habeas corpus, mandamus, and prohibition, 
or the constitutionality of a law: provided, that the assent 
of a majority of the judges elected to the court shall be re¬ 
quired in order to declare any law null and void by reason 
of its repugnance to the Federal Constitution or to the Con¬ 
stitution of this State. 

Sec. 3. Special courts of appeals, to consist of not less 
than three nor more than five judges, may be formed of the 
judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals and of the circuit 
courts, or any of them, to try any cases on the docket of 
said court in respect to which a majority of the judges 
thereof may be so situated as to make it improper for them 
to sit on the hearing of the same; also, to try any cases on 


























. 





















17 

the said docket which cannot be otherwise disposed of with 
convenient dispatch. 

Sec. 4. When a judgment or decree is reversed or affirmed 
by the Supreme Court of Appeals the reasons therefor shall 
be stated in writing and preserved with the records of the 
case. 

Sec. 5. The judges shall be chosen by the joint vote of the 
two houses of the General Assembly, and shall hold their 
office for a term of twelve years; they shall, when chosen, 
have held a judicial station in the United States, or shall 
have practiced law in this or some other State for five years. 

Sec. 6. The officers of the Supreme Court of Appeals shall 
be appointed by the said court or by the judges thereof in 
vacation. Their duties, compensation, and tenure of office 
shall be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 7. The Supreme Court of Appeals shall hold its ses¬ 
sions at two or more places in the State, to be fixed by law. 

Sec. 8. At every election of a Governor, an Attorney-Gen¬ 
eral shall be elected by the qualified voters of this Common¬ 
wealth. He shall be commissioned by the Governor, perform 
such duties and receive such compensation as may be pre¬ 
scribed by law, and shall be removable in the manner pre¬ 
scribed for the removal of judges. 

Circuit Courts. 

Sec. 9. The State shall be divided into sixteen judicial cir¬ 
cuits, as follows: 

1. The counties of Norfolk, Princess Anne, Nansemond. 
Isle of Wight, Southampton, Surry, and the city of Norfolk 
shall constitute the First circuit. 

2. The counties of Sussex, Greenesville, Brunswick, Prince 
George, Dinwiddie, Nottoway, Chesterfield, and the city of 
Petersburg shall constitute the Second circuit. 

3. The counties of Mecklenburg, Lunenburg, Charlotte, 
Amelia, Powhatan, Prince Edward, Buckingham, and Cum¬ 
berland shall constitute the Third circuit. 

4. The counties of Halifax, Pittsylvania, Henry, Patrick, 
Franklin, and the town of Danville shall constitute the 
Fourth circuit. 

5. The counties of Bedford, Campbell, Appomattox, Am¬ 
herst, Nelson, and the city of Lynchburg shall constitute the 
Fifth circuit. 

6. The counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Culpeper, Gooch¬ 
land, Madison, Greene, and Orange shall constitute the 
Sixth circuit. 





18 


7. The county of Henrico and the city of Richmond shall 
constitute the Seventh circuit. 

8. The counties of Accomac, Northampton, York, Eliza¬ 
beth City, Warwick, James City, New Kent, Charles City, 
and the city of Williamsburg shall constitute the Eighth 
circuit. 

9. The counties of Lancaster, Northumberland. Mathews, 
Middlesex, Gloucester, King William, Essex, and King and 
Queen shall constitute the Ninth circuit. 

10. The counties of Westmoreland, Spotsylvania, Carolina, 
Hanover, Stafford, King George, Richmond, and Louisa shall 
constitute the Tenth circuit. 

11. The counties of Loudoun, Fauquier, Fairfax, Prince 
William, Rappahannock, and Alexandria shall constitute 
the Eleventh circuit. 

12. The counties of Frederick, Clarke, Warren, Page, Shen¬ 
andoah, and Rockingham shall constitute the Twelfth 
circuit. 

13. The counties of Augusta, Rockbridge, Bath, Highland, 
and Alleghany shall constitute the Thirteenth circuit. 

14. The counties of Botetourt, Roanoke, Montgomery, 
Floyd, Giles, and Craig shall constitute tne Fourteenth 
circuit. 

15. The counties of Carroll, Grayson, Wythe, Pulaski, 
Bland, and Tazewell shall constitute the Fifteenth circuit. 

16. The counties of Smyth, Washington, Lee, Scott, Wise, 
Russell, and Buchanan shall constitute the Sixteenth cir¬ 
cuit. 

Section 10. The General Assembly may rearrange said cir¬ 
cuits, or any of them, and increase or diminish the number 
thereof when the public interests shall require it. 

Sec. 11. For each circuit a judge shall be chosen by the 
joint vote of the two houses of the General Assembly, who 
shall hold his office for a term of eight years, unless sooner 
removed in the manner prescribed by this Constitution. 
He shall, when chosen, possess the same qualifications of 
judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals; and during his con¬ 
tinuance in office shall reside in the circuit of which he is 
judge. 

Sec. 12. A circuit court shall be held at least twice a year 
by the judges of each circuit in every county and corporation 
thereof wherein a circuit court now is or may hereafter be 
established. But the judges may be required or authorized 
to hold the courts of their respective circuits alternately, 
and the judge of one circuit to hold court in any other cir¬ 
cuit. 




















' 


























































































19 


Count!/ Courts. 

Sec. 13. In each county of this Commonwealth there shall 
he a court called the county court, which shall be held 
monthly by a judge learned in the law of the State, and to 
be known as the county court judge: provided, that counties 
containing less than eight thousand inhabitants shall be at¬ 
tached to adjoining counties for the formation of districts 
for county judges. County court judges shall be chosen in the 
same manner as judges of the circuit courts. They shall 
hold their office for a term of six years, except the first term 
under this Constitution, which shall be three years, and 
during their continuance in office they shall reside in their 
respective counties or districts. The jurisdiction of said 
courts shall be the same as that of the existing county 
courts, except so far as it is modified by this Constitution or 
may be changed by law. 

Government of Cities and 'foiens. 

Sec, 14. For each city or town in the State containing a 
population of five thousand shall be elected, on the joint 
vote of the two houses of the General Assembly, one city 
judge, who shall hold a corporation or hustings court of said 
city or t.won as often and as many days in each month as 
may be prescribed by lav/, with similar jurisdiction which 
may be given by law to the circuit courts of this State, and 
who shall hold his office for a term of six years: provided, 
that in cities or towns containing thirty thousand inhabi¬ 
tants there may be elected an additional judge to hold 
courts of probate and record, separate and apart from the 
corporation or hustings courts, and perform such other 
duties as shall be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 15 Also, the following enumerated officers, who shall 
be elected by the qualified voters of the said cities or towns: 
One clerk of the corporation or hustings court, who shall 
also be clerk of the circuit court, except in cities or towns 
containing a population of thirty thousand or more, in w r hich 
city or town there may be a separate clerk for the circuit 
court, who shall hold his office for a term of six years. 

Sec. 16. One Commonwealth’s attorney, who shall be the 
Commonwealth’s attorney for the circuit court, and shall 
hold his office for a term of two years. 

Sec. 17. One city sergeant, who shall hold his office for a 
term of tw r o years. 









20 


Sec. 18. One city or town treasurer, whose duties shall be 
similar to those of county treasurer, and shall hold his 
office for a term of three years. 

Sec. 19. One commissioner of the revenue. 

Sec. 20. There shall he chosen by the electors of every 
city a mayor, who shall he the chief executive officer thereof, 
and who shall see that the duties of the various city officers 
are faithfully performed. He shall have power to investi¬ 
gate their acts, have access to all hooks and documents in 
their offices, and may examine them and their subordinates 
on oath. The evidence given by persons so examined shall 
not he used against them in any criminal proceedings. He 
shall also have power to suspend or remove such officers, 
whether they be elected or appointed, for misconduct in 
office or neglect of duty, to be specified in the order of sus¬ 
pension or removal; but no such removal shall be made 
without reasonable notice to the officer complained of and 
an apportunity afforded him to be heard in his defense. All 
city, town, and village officers whose election or appointment 
is not provided for by this Constitution shall be elected by 
the electors of such cities, towns, and villages, or of some 
division thereof, or appointed by such authorities thereof as 
the General Assembly shall designate. All other officers 
whose election or appointment is not provided for by 
this Constitution, and all officers whose offices may be 
hereafter created by law, shall be elected by the 
people or appointed, as the General Assembly may 
direct. Members of common councils shall hold no 
other office m cities, and no city officer shall hold a seat in 
the General Assembly. The General Assembly, at its first 
session after the adoption of this Constitution, shall pass 
such laws as may be necessary to give effect to the pro¬ 
visions of this article. General laws shall be passed for the 
organization and government of cities, and no special act 
shall be passed except in cases where, in the judgment of the 
General Assembly, the object of such act cannot be attained 
by general laws. Nothing in this act shall affect the power 
of the General Assembly over quarantine, or in regard to the 
port of Norfolk, or the interest of the State in the lands 
under water and within the jurisdiction or boundaries of any 
city, or to regulate the wharves, piers, or slips in any city. 
All laws or city ordinances in conflict with the provisions of 
the preceding sections shall be void from and after the 
adoption of this Constitution. 

Sec. 21. All regular elections for city or town officers under 




















































































■ 



















































































21 


this article shall be held on the fourth Thursday in May, 
and the officers-elect shall enter upon their duties on the 
first day of July succeeding. 

(Jen era 1 Pro visions. 

Sec. 22. All the judges shall be commissioned by the Gov¬ 
ernor, and shall receive such salaries and allowances as may 
be determined by law, the amount of which shall not be 
diminished during their term of office. Their terms of office 
shall commence on the first day of January next following 
their appointment, and they shall discharge the duties of 
their respective offices from their first appointment and 
qualification under this Constitution until their terms begin. 

Sec. 23. Judges may be removed from office by a concur¬ 
rent vote of both houses of the General Assembly, but a 
majority of all the members elected to each house must 
concur in such vote, and the cause of removal shall be en¬ 
tered on the journal of each house. The judge upon whom 
the General Assembly may be about to proceed shall have 
notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged 
for his removal, at least twenty days before the day on 
which either house of the General Assembly shall act 
thereon. 

Sec. 24. Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals and judges 
of the circuit courts shall not hold any other office of public 
trust during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 25. Judges and all other officers, elected or appointed, 
shall continue to discharge the duties of their offices after 
their terms of service have expired until their successors 
have qualified. 

Sec. 26. Writs shall run “in the name of the Common¬ 
wealth of Virginia,” and be attested by the clerks of the sev¬ 
eral courts. Indictments shall conclude “against the peace 
and dignity of the Commonwealth.” 

ARTICLE VII. 

COUNTY OliGANJ ZATIONS. 

Section 1. There shall be elected by the qualified voters of 
the county one sheriff, one attorney for the Commonwealth, 
who shall also be the Commonwealth’s attorney for the cir¬ 
cuit court; one county clerk, who shall also be the clerk of 
the circuit court, except that in counties containing fifteen 







22 


thousand inhabitants there may be a separate clerk for the 
circuit court; one county treasurer, and so many commis¬ 
sioners of the revenue as may be provided by law; and there 
shall be appointed, in a manner to be provided by law, one 
superintendent of the poor and one county surveyor; and 
there shall also be appointed, in the manner provided for in 
article eight, one superintendent of schools. All regular 
elections for county officers shall be held on the fourth 
Thursday in May. and all officers elected or appointed under 
ihis provision shall enter upon the duties of their offices on 
the first day of July next succeeding their election, and shall 
hold their respective offices for the term of four years, ex¬ 
cept that county and circuit court clerks shall hold office for 
six years. 

Sec. 2. Each county of the State shall be divided into so 
many compactly-located magisterial districts as may be 
deemed necessary—not less than three: provided, that after 
these have been formed no additional districts shall be made 
containing less than thirty square miles; each magisterial 

district shall be known as-magisterial district of- 

county. In each district there shall be elected one super¬ 
visor, three justices of the peace, one constable, and one 
overseer of the poor, who shall hold their respective offices 
for the term of two years. All regular elections for magis¬ 
terial district officers shall take place on the fourth Thurs¬ 
day in May, and all officers so elected shall enter upon the 
duties of their respective offices on the first day of July next 
succeeding their election. The supervisors of the districts 
shall constitute the board of supervisors for that county, 
whose duty it shall be to audit the accounts of the county, 
examine the books of the commissioners of the revenue, 
regulate and equalize the valuation of property, fix the 
county levies for the ensuing year, and periorm any other 
duties required of them by law. 

School Districts. 

Sec. 3. Each magisterial district shall be divided into so 
many compactly-located school districts as may be deemed 
necessary: provided, that no school district shall be formed 
containing less than one hundred inhabitants. In each 
school, district there shall be elected or appointed annually 
one school trustee, who shall hold his office three years: 
provided, that at the first election held under this provision 
there shall be three trustees elected, whose terms shall be 
one, two, and three years, respectively. 


















23 

Sec. 4. The General Assembly, at its first session after the 
adoption of this Constitution, shall pass such laws as may 
be necessary to give effect to the provisions of this article. 
But nothing in this article shall be construed as prohibiting 
the General Assembly from providing by law for any 
additional officers in any city or county. 

Sec. 5. Sheriffs shall hold no other office. They may be 
required by law to renew their security, and in default of 
so doing their offices shall be declared vacant. Counties 
shall never be made responsible for the acts of the sheriffs. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

EDUCATION. 

Section 1. The General Assembly shall elect, in joint 
ballot, within thirty days after its organization under this 
Constitution, and every fourth year thereafter, a superinten¬ 
dent of public instruction. He shall have the general super¬ 
vision of the public free school interest of the State, and 
shall report to the General Assembly, for its consideration, 
within thirty days after his election, a plan for a uniform 
system of public free schools. 

Sec. 2. There shall be a Board of Education, composed of 
the Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and At¬ 
torney-General. which shall appoint and have power to re¬ 
move, for cause and upon notice to the incumbents, subject 
to confirmation by the Senate, all county superintendents 
of public free schools. This board shall have, regulated by 
law, the management and investment of all school funds, 
and such supervision of schools of higher grades as the law 
shall provide. 

Sec. 3. The General Assembly shall provide by law, at its 
first session under this Constitution, a uniform system of 
public free schools, and for its gradual, equal, and full intro¬ 
duction into all the counties of the State by the year 1876, 
or as much earlier as practicable. 

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall have power, after a 
full introduction of the public free school system, to make 
such laws as shall not permit parents and guardians to al¬ 
low their children to grow up in ignorance and vagrancy. 

Sec. 5. The General Assembly shall establish, as soon as 
practicable, normal schools, and may establish agricultural 
schools, and such grades of schools as shall be for the public 
good. 








24 


Sec. 6. The Board of Education shall provide for uniformity 
of text-books and the furnishing of school-houses with such 
apparatus and library as may be necessary, under such regu¬ 
lations as may be provided by law. 

Sec. 7. The General Assembly shall set apart, as a perma¬ 
nent and perpetual literary fund, the present literary funds 
of the State, the proceeds of all public lands donated by Con¬ 
gress for public school purposes, of all escheated property, of 
all waste and unappropriated lands, of all property accruing 
to the State by forfeiture, and all fines collected for offenses 
committed against the State, and such other sums as the 
General Assembly may appropriate. 

Sec. 8. The General Assembly shall apply the annual in¬ 
terest on the literary fund, the capitation tax provided for 
by this Constitution for public free school purposes, and an 
annual tax upon the property of the State of not less than 
one mill nor more than five mills on the dollar, for the equal 
benefit of all the people of the State, the number of chil¬ 
dren between the ages of five and twenty-one years in each 
public free school district being the basis of such division. 
Provision shall be made to supply children attending the pub¬ 
lic free schools with necessary text-books in cases where the 
parent or guardian is unable, by reason of poverty, to fur¬ 
nish them. Each county and public free school district may 
raise additional sums by a tax on property for the support 
of the public free schools. All unexpended sums of any one 
year in any public free school district shall go into the gen¬ 
eral school fund for redivision next pear: provided, that any 
tax authorized by this section to be raised by counties or 
school districts shall not exceed five mills on a dollar in any 
one year, and shall not be subject to redivision, as herein¬ 
before provided in this section. 

Sec. 9. The General Assembly shall have power to foster 
all higher grades of schools under its supervision, and to 
provide for such purpose a permanent educational fund. 

Sec. 10. All grants and donations received by the General 
Assembly for educational purposes shall be applied accord¬ 
ing to the terms prescribed by the donors. 

Sec. 11. Each city and county shall be held accountable 
for' the destruction of school property that may take place 
within its limits by incendiaries or open violence. 

Sec. 12. The General Assembly shall fix the salaries and 
prescribe the duties of all school officers, and shall make all 
needful laws and regulations to carry into effect the public 
free school system provided for by this article. 





25 


ATRICLE IX. 

MILITIA. 

Section 1. The militia of this State shall consist of all 
able-bodied male persons between the ages of eighteen and 
forty-five years, except such persons as hereafter may be 
exempted by the laws of the United States or of this State; 
but those who belong to religious societies whose tenets for¬ 
bid them to carry arms shall not be compelled to do so, but 
shall pay an equivalent for personal service; and the militia 
shall be organized, armed and equipped, and trained as the 
General Assembly may provide by law. 

Sec. 2. The Legislature shall provide by law for the en¬ 
couragement of volunteer corps of the several arms of the 
service, which shall be classed as the active militia; and all 
other militia shall bo classified as the reserve militia, and 
shall not be required to muster in time of peace. 

ARTICLE X. 


TAXATION ANI) FINANCE. 


Section 1. Taxation, except as hereinafter provided, 
whether imposed by the State, county, or corporate bodies, 
shall be equal and uniform, and all property, both real and 
personal, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be as¬ 
certained as prescribed by law. No one species of property 
from which a tax may be collected shall be taxed higher than 
any other species of property of equal value. 

Sec. 2 No tux shall be imposed on any of the citizens ol 
this State for the privilege of taking or catching oysters 
from their natural beds with tongs in the waters thereof: 
but the amount of sales of oysters so taken by any citizen 
in any one year may be taxed at a rate not exceeding the 
rate of taxation imposed upon any other species of property. 

Sec. 3. The Legislature may exempt all property used ex¬ 
clusively for State, county, municipal, benevolent, chari¬ 
table, educational, and religious purposes 

Sec. 4. The General Assembly may levy a tax on income in 
excess of six hundred dollars per annum, and upon the fol¬ 
lowing licenses—viz: the sale ol ardent, spirits, theatrical 
and circus companies, menageries, jugglers, itinerant ped¬ 
dlers, and all other shows and exhibitions for which an en- 







26 


trance fee is required; commission merchants, persons sell¬ 
ing by sample, brokers and pawnbrokers, and all other 
business which cannot be reached by the ad valorem system. 
The capital invested in all business operations shall be as¬ 
sessed and taxed as other property. Assessments upon all 
stock shall he according to the market value thereof. 

Sec. 5. The General Assembly may levy a tax, not exceed¬ 
ing one dollar per annum, on every male citizen who has 
attained the age of twenty-one years, which shall be applied 
exclusively in aid of public free schools; and counties and 
corporations shall have power to impose a capitation tax, 
not exceeding fifty cents per annum, for all purposes. 

Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall provide for a reassess¬ 
ment of the real estate of this State in the year 1869, or as 
soon thereafter as practicable, and every fifth year there¬ 
after: provided, in making such assessment no land shall be 
assessed above or below its value. 

Sec. 7. No debt shall be contracted by this State except to 
meet casual deficits in the revenue, to redeem a previous 
liability of the State, to suppress insurrection, repel in¬ 
vasion, or defend the State in time of war. 

Sec. 8. The General Assembly shall provide by law a sink¬ 
ing fund, to be applied solely to the payment and extinguish¬ 
ment of the principal of the State debt, which sinking fund 
shall be continued until the extinguishment of such State 
debt; and every law hereafter enacted by the General As¬ 
sembly creating a debt or authorizing a doan shall provide 
a sinking fund for the payment of the same. 

Sec 9. The unfunded debt shall not be funded or redeemed 
at a value exceeding that established by law at the time said 
debt was contracted, nor shall any discrimination hereafter 
be made in paying the interest on State bonds which shall 
give a higher actual value to bonds held in foreign countries 
over the same class of bonds held in this country. 

Sec. 10. No money shall be paid out of the State treasury 
except in pursuance of appropriations made by law; and no 
appropriation shall ever be made for the payment of any 
debt or obligation created, in the name of the State of Vir¬ 
ginia, by the usurped and pretended State authorities as¬ 
sembled at Richmond during the late war; and no county, 
city, or corporation shall levy or collect any tax for the pay¬ 
ment of any debt created for the purpose of aiding any re¬ 
bellion against the State or against the United States. 

Sec. 11. On the passage of every act which imposes, con¬ 
tinues, or revives any appropriation of public trust money 









27 


or property, or releases, discharges or commutes any claim 
or demand of the State, the vote shall be determined by 
ayes and noes ; and the names of the persons voting for and 
against, the same shall be entered on the journals of the 
respective houses, and a majority of all the members elected 
to each house shall be necessary to give it the force of law. 

Sec. 12. The credit of the State shall not be granted to or 
in aid of any person, association, or corporation. 

Sec. 13. No scrip, certificate, or other evidence of State 
indebtedness shall be issued, except for the redemption of 
stock previously issued, or for such debts as are expressly 
authorized in this Constitution. 

Sec. 14. The State shall not subscribe to or become in¬ 
terested in the stock of any company, association, or cor¬ 
poration. 

Sec. 15. The State shall not be a party to or become in¬ 
terested in any work of internal improvement, nor engage 
in carrying on any such work, otherwise than in the ex¬ 
penditure of grants to the State of land or other property. 

Sec. 16. Every law which imposes, continues or revises a 
tax shall distinctly state the tax and the object to which it 
is to be applied, and it shall not be sufficient to refer to any 
other law to fix such tax or object. 

Sec. 17. The State shall not assume any indebtedness of 
the county, borough, or city, nor lend its credit to the same. 

Sec. 18. A full account of the State indebtedness and an 
accurate statement of receipts and expenditures of public 
money shall be attached co and published with its laws 
passed at every regular session of the General Assembly. 

Sec. 19. The General Assembly shall provide by law for 
adjusting with the State of West Virginia the proportion of 
the public debt of Virginia proper to be borne by the State 
of Virginia and West Virginia, and shall provide that such 
sum as shall be received from West Virginia shall be ap¬ 
plied to the payment of the public debt of the State. 

Sec. 20. No other or greater amount of tax or revenue 
shall at any time be levied than may be required for the 
necessary expenses of the government or to pay the existing 
indebtedness of the State. 

Sec. 21. The liability to the State of any incorporated com¬ 
pany or institution to redeem the principal and to pay the 
interest of any loan heretofore made by the State to such 
company or institution shall not be released or commuted. 





28 


ARTICLE XI. 

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. 

Homestead and Other Exemptions. 

Section 1. Every householder or head of a family shall be 
entitled, in addition to the articles now exempt from levy or 
distress for rent, to hold, exempt from levy, seizure, gar- 
nisheeing. or sale under any execution, order or other pro¬ 
cess issued on anj^ demand for any debt heretofore or here¬ 
after contracted, his real and personal property, or either, 
including money and debts due him, whether heretofore or 
hereafter acquired or contracted, to the value of not exceed¬ 
ing two thousand dollars, to be selected by him: provided, 
that such exemption shall not extend to any execution, 
order or other process issued on any demand in the follow¬ 
ing cases: 

1st. For the purchase price of said property or any part 
thereof. 

2d. For services rendered by a laboring person or a me¬ 
chanic. 

3d. For liabilities incurred by any public officer or officer 
of a court, or any fiduciary, or any attorney at law, for 
money collected. 

4th. For a lawful claim for any taxes, levies or assess¬ 
ments accruing after the first day of June, 1866. 

5th. For rent hereafter accruing. 

6th. For the legal or taxable fees of any public officer or 
officers of a court hereafter accruing. 

Sec. 2. The foregoing section shall not be construed as 
subjecting the property hereby exempted, or any portion 
thereof, to any lien by reason of any execution levied on 
property which has been subsequently restored to the de¬ 
fendant, or judgment rendered or docketed on or J 

17th day of April, 1861, and before the 2d day of March, 
1867, for any debt contracted previous to the 4th day of April, 
1864, except debts of the character mentioned in either of 
the above first three exceptions. 

Sec. 3. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed 
to interfere with the sale of property aforesaid, or any por¬ 
tion thereof, by virtue of any mortgage, deed of trust, 
pledge, or other security thereon. 

Sec. 4. The General Assembly is hereby prohibited from 






. 







• 








































29 


passing any law staying the collection of debts, commonly 
Known as stay laws but this section shall not be con¬ 
strued as prohibiting any legislation which the General 
Assembly may deem necessary to fully carry out the pro¬ 
visions of this article. 

Sec. 5. r I he General Assembly shall, at its first session un¬ 
der this Constitution, prescribe in what manner and on what 
conditions the said householder or head of a family shall 
thereafter set apart and hold for himself and family a home¬ 
stead out of any property hereby exempted, and may, in its 
discretion, determine in what manner and on what condi¬ 
tions he may thereafter hold, for the benefit of himself and 
family, such personal property as he may have and coming 
within the exemption hereby made. But this section shall 
not be construed as authorizing the General Assembly to 
defeat or impair the benefits intended to be conferred by the 
provisions of this article. 

Sec. 6. An act of the General Assembly, entitled “An act 
to exempt the homesteads of families from forced sales,” 
passed April 29, 1877, and an act entitled “An act to stay the 
collection of debts for a limited period.” passed March 2, 
1866, and the acts amendatory thereof, are hereby abrogated. 

Sec. 7. The provisions of this article shall be construed 
liberally, to the end that all the intents thereof may be fully 
and perfectly carried out. 

('lotrch Property. 

Sec. 8. The rights of ecclesiastical bodies in and to church 
property conveyed to them by regular deed of conveyance 
shall not be affected by the late civil war, nor by any ante¬ 
cedent or subsequent event, nor any act of the Legislature 
purporting to govern the same; but all such property shall 
pass to and be held by the parties set forth in the original 
deeds of conveyance, or the legal assignees of such original 
parties holding through or by conveyance, and any act or 
acts of the Legislature in opposition thereto shall be null 
and void. 

Heirship of Property. 

Sec. 9. The children of parents one or both of whom were 
slaves at and during the period of cohabitation, and who 
were recognized by the father as his children, and whose 
mother was recognized by such father as his wife, and was 
cohabited with as such, shall be as capable of inheriting any 
estate whereof such father may have died seized and pos¬ 
sessed as though they had been born in lawful wedlock. 


30 


ARTICLE XII. 

FUTURE CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION. 

Section 1. Any amendment or amendments to the Consti¬ 
tution may be proposed in the Senate and House of Dele¬ 
gates. and if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the 
members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed 
amendment or amendments shall be entered on their jour¬ 
nals. with the ayes and noes taken thereon, and referred to 
the General Assembly to be chosen at the next general elec¬ 
tion of senators and members of the House of Delegates, and 
shall be published for three months previous to the time of 
making such choice. And if in the next General Assembly 
so next chosen as aforesaid such proposed amendment or 
amendments shall be agreed to by a majority of all the mem¬ 
bers elected to each house, then it shall be the duty of the 
General Assembly to submit such proposed amendment or 
amendments to the people in such manner and at such times 
as the General Assembly shall prescribe; and if the people 
shall approve and ratify such amendment or amendments by 
a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of 
the General Assembly voting thereon, such amendment or 
amendments shall become part of the Constitution. 

Sec. 2. At the general election to be held in the year 1888, 
and in each twentieth year thereafter, and also at such 
time as the General Assembly may by law provide, the ques¬ 
tion “Shall there be a convention to revise the Constitution 
and amend the same?” shall be decided by the electors quali¬ 
fied to vote for members of the General Assembly; and in 
case a majority of the electors so qualified voting at such 
election shall decide in favor of a convention for such pur¬ 
pose. the General Assembly, at its next session, shall pro¬ 
vide by law for the election of delegates to such convention: 
provided, that no amendment or revision shall be made 
which shall deny or in any way impair the right of suffrage 
or any civil or political right as conferred by this Constitu¬ 
tion, except for causes which apply to all persons and classes 
without distinction. 

SCHEDULE. 

That no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the 
Constitution of this State, and in order to carry the same 
into complete operation, it is hereby declared that— 











































































31 


Section 1. The common law and the statute laws now in 
force not repugnant to this Constitution shall remain in 
force until they expire by their own limitation or are altered 
or repealed by the Legislature. 

Sec. 2. All writs, actions, causes of actions, prosecutions, 
and rights of individuals and of bodies corporate and of the 
State, and all charters of incorporation, shall continue; and 
all indictments which have been found, or which may here¬ 
after be found, for any crime or offense committed before 
the adoption of this Constitution, may be proceeded upon as 
if no change had taken place. The several courts, except as 
herein otherwise provided, shall continue with like powers 
and jurisdiction, both in law and equity, as if this Constitu¬ 
tion had not been adopted, and until the organization of the 
judicial department of this Constitution. 

Sec. 3. That all fines, penalties, forfeitures, and escheats 
accruing to the State of Virginia under the present Con¬ 
stitution and laws shall accrue to the use of the State under 
this Constitution. 

Sec. 4. That all recognizances, bonds, obligations, and all 
other instruments entered into or executed before the adop¬ 
tion of this Constitution, to the people of the State of Vir¬ 
ginia, to any State, county, or township, or any public 
officer or public body, or which may be entered into or exe¬ 
cuted under existing laws, “to the people of the State of 
Virginia.” to any such officer or public body, before the 
complete organization of the department of government 
under this Constitution, shall remain binding and valid; and 
rights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and 
may be prosecuted as provided by law. All crimes and mis¬ 
demeanors and penal actions shall be tried, punished, and 
prosecuted as though no change had taken place, until other¬ 
wise provided by law. 






The Recent Suffrage Clauses of the Constitutions 
of Mississippi, South Carolina, Louisiana and 
North Carolina. 

MISSISSIPPI. 


FRANCHISE. 

Section 240. All elections by the people shall be by ballot. 

Sec. 241. Every male inhabitant of this State, except 
idiots, insane persons, and Indians not taxed, who is a citi¬ 
zen of the United States, twenty-one years old and upwards, 
who has resided in this State two years, and one year in 
the election district, or in the incorporated city or town in 
which he offers to vote, and who is duly registered as pro¬ 
vided in this article, and who has never been convicted of 
bribery, burglary, theft, arson, obtaining money or goods 
under false pretenses, perjury, forgery, embezzlement, or 
bigamy, and who has paid, on or before the first day of 
February of the year in which he shall offer to vote, all 
taxes which may have been legally required of him, and 
which he has had an opportunity of paying according to law, 
for the two preceding years, and who shall produce to the 
officers holding the election satisfactory evidence that he has 
paid said taxes, is declared to be a qualified elector; but any 
minister of the Gospel in charge of an organized church 
shall be entitled to vote after six months’ residence in the 
election district, if otherwise qualified. 

Sec. 242. The Legislature shall provide by law for the 
registration of all persons entitled to vote at any election, 
and all persons offering to register shall take the following 

oath or affirmation: “I,-, do solemnly swear (or 

affirm) that I am twenty-one years old (or I will be before 
the next election in this county), and that I will have re¬ 
sided in this State two years, and-election district 

of-county one year next preceding the ensuing 

election (or if it be stated in the oath that the person pro¬ 
posing to register is a minister of the Gospel in charge of 
an organized church, then it will be sufficient to aver 
therein two years’ residence in the State and six months’ in 
said election district), and am now in good faith a resident of 
the same, and that I am not disqualified from voting by 





reason of having been convicted of any crime named in 
the Constitution of this State as a disqualification to be an 
elector; that I will truly answer all questions propounded 
to me concerning my antecedents so far as they relate to 
my right to vote, and also as to my residence before my 
citizenship in this district; that I will faithfully support 
the Constitution of the United States and of the State of 
Mississippi, and will hear true faith and allegiance to the 
same. So help me God.” In registering voters in cities and 
towns not wholly in one election district, the name of such 
city or town may he substituted in the oath for the election 
district. Any wilful and corrupt false statement in said 
affidavit, or in answer to any material question propounded 
as herein authorized, shall be perjury. 

Sec. 243. A uniform poll-tax of two dollars, to be used in 
the aid of common schools, and for no other purpose, is 
hereby imposed on every male inhabitant of this fc^ate be¬ 
tween the ages of twenty-one and sixty years, except per¬ 
sons who are deaf and dumb or blind, or who are maimed 
by loss of hand or foot; said tax to be a lien only upon 
taxable property. The board of supervisors of any county 
may, for the purpose of aiding the common schools in that 
county, increase the poll-tax in said county, but in no case 
shall the entire poll-tax exceed in any one year three dollars 
on each poll. No criminal proceedings shall be allowed to 
enforce the collection of the poll-tax. 

Sec. 244. On and after the first day of January, A. D. 1892, 
every elector shall, in addition to the foregoing qualifica¬ 
tions, be able to read any section of the Constitution of this 
State; or he shall be able to understand the same when read 
to him, or give a reasonable interpretation thereof. A new 
registration shall be made before the next ensuing election 
after January the first, A. D. 1892. 

Sec. 245. Electors in municipal elections shall possess all 
the qualifications herein prescribed, and such additional 
qualifications as may be provided by law. 

Sec. 246. Prior to the first day of January, A. D. 1896, the 
elections by the people in this State shall be regulated by 
an ordinance of this Convention. 

Sec. 247. The Legislature shall enact laws to secure fair¬ 
ness in party primary elections, conventions, or other 
methods of naming party candidates. 

Sec. 248. Suitable remedies by appeal or otherwise shall 
be provided by law, to correct illegal or improper registra¬ 
tion, and to secure the elective franchise to those who may 
be illegally or improperly denied the same. 







34 


Sec. 249. No one shall be allowed to vote for members of 
the Legislature or other officers who has not been duly regis¬ 
tered under the Constitution and laws of this State, by an 
officer of this State legally authorized to register the voters 
thereof. And registration under the Constitution and laws 
of this State by the proper officers of this State is hereby 
declared to be an essential and necessary qualification to 
vote at any and all elections. 

Sec. 250. All qualified electors, and no other, shall be 
eligible to office, except as otherwise provided in this Con¬ 
stitution. 

Sec. 251. Electors shall not be registered within four 
months next before any election at which they may offer to 
vote; but appeals may be heard and determined and revision 
take place at any time prior to the election; and no person 
who, in respect to age and residence, would become entitled 
to vote within the said four months shall be excluded from 
registration on account of his want of qualification at the 
time of registration. 

Sec. 252. The term of office of all elective officers under 
this Constitution shall be four years, except as otherwise 
provided herein. A general election for all elective officers 
shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of 
November, A. D. 1895, and every four years thereafter; 
provided, the Legislature may change the day and date of 
general elections to any day and date in October, November, 
or December. 

Sec. 253. The Legislature may, by a two-third vote of both 
houses of all members elected, restore the right of suffrage 
to any person disqualified by reason of crime; but the reason 
therefor shall be spread upon the journals, and the vote 
shall be by yeas and nays. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

ARTICLE II. 

RIGHT or SUFFRAGE. 

Section 1. All elections by the people shall be by ballot, 
and elections shall never be held or the ballots counted in 
secret. 

Sec. 2. Every qualified elector shall be eligible to any office 
to be voted for, unless disqualified by age, as prescribed in 
this Constitution. But no person shall hold two offices of 


35 


r 

t 

honor or profit at the same time: provided, that any per¬ 
son holding another office may at the same time be an officer 
in the militia or a notary public. 

Sec. 3. Every male citizen of this State and of the United 
States twenty-one of age and upwards, not laboring under 
the disabilities named in this Constitution, and possessing 
the qualifications required by it, shall be an elector. 

Sec. 4. The qualifications for suffrage shall be as follows: 

(a) Residence in the State for two years, in the county 
one year, in the polling precinct in which the elector offers 
to vote four months, and the payment six months before any 
election of any poll tax then due and payable: provided, that 
ministers in charge of an organized church, and teachers of 
public schools shall be entitled to vote after six months’ resi¬ 
dence in the State, otherwise qualified. 

(b) Registration, which shall provide for the enrollment of 
every elector once in ten years, and also an enrollment dur¬ 
ing each and every year of every elector not previously 
registered under the provisions of this article. 

(c) Up to January 1, 1808, all male persons of voting age 
applying for registration who can read any section in this 
Constitution submitted to them by the registration officer, 
or understand and explain it when read to them by the regis¬ 
tration officer, shall be entitled to register and become elec¬ 
tors. A separate record of all persons registered before Jan¬ 
uary 1. 1898, sworn to by the registration officer, shall be 
filed, one copy with the clerk of court, and one in the office 
of the Secretary of State, on or before February 1, 1898, and 
such persons shall remain during life qualified electors, un¬ 
less disqualified by other provisions of this article. The 
certificate of the clerk of the court, or Secretary of State, 
shall be sufficient evidence to establish the right of said 
citizens to any subsequent registration and the franchise 
under the limitations herein imposed. 

(d) Any person who shall apply for registration after 
January 1, 1898, if otherwise qualified, shall be registered: 
provided, that he can both read and write any section of 
this Constitution submitted, to him by the registration offi¬ 
cer. or can show that he owns, and has paid all taxes col¬ 
lectible during the previous year on property in this State 
assessed at three hundred dollars ($300) or more. 

(e) Managers of election shall require of every elector 
offering to vote at any election, before allowing him to vote, 
proof of/the payment of all taxes, including poll tax, as¬ 
sessed against him and collectible during the previous year. 


36 


The production of a certificate or of the receipt of the officer 
authorized to collect such taxes shall be conclusive proof of 
the payment thereof. 

(f) The General Assembly shall provide for issuing to each 
duly registered elector a certificate of registration, and shall 
provide for the renewal of such certificate when lost, muti¬ 
lated or destroyed, if the applicant is still a qualified elector 
under the provisions of this Constitution, or if he has been 
registered as provided in sub-section (c). 

Sec. 5. Any person denied registration shall have the right 
to appeal to the Court of Common Pleas, or any judge 
thereof, and thence to the Supreme Court, to determine his 
right to vote under the limitations imposed in this article, 
and on such appeal the hearing shall be de novo, and the 
General Assembly shall provide by law for such appeal, and 
for the correction of illegal and fraudulent registration, 
voting, and all other crimes against the election laws. 

Sec. 6. The following persons are disqualified from being 
registered or voting: 

First. Persons convicted of burglary, arson, obtaining 
goods or money under false pretenses, perjury, forgery, 
robbery, bribery, adultery, bigamy, wife-beating, house¬ 
breaking, receiving stolen goods, breach of trust with 
fraudulent intent, fornication, sodomy, incest, assault with 
intent to ravish, miscegenation, larceny, or crimes against 
tho election laws: provided, that the pardon of the Governor 
shall remove such disqualification. 

Second. Persons who are idiots, insane, paupers supported 
at the public expense, and persons confined in any public 
prison. 

Sec. 7. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be 
deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of his 
presence or absence while employed in the service of tbe 
United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the 
waters of this State, or of the United States, or of the high 
seas, nor while a student of any institution of learning. 

Sec. 8. The General Assembly snail provide by law for the 
registration of all qualified electors, and shall prescribe the 
manner of holding elections and of ascertaining the results 
of the same: provided, at the first registration under this 
Constitution, and until the 1st of January, 1898, the regis¬ 
tration shall be conducted by board of three discreet persons 
in each county, to be appointed by the Governor, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate. For the first regis¬ 
tration to be provided for under this Constitution, the regis¬ 
tration books shall be kept open for at least six consecutive 


37 


weeks; and thereafter from time to time at least one week 
in each month, up to thirty days next preceding the first 
election to be held under this Constitution. The registration 
books shall be public records, open to the inspection of any 
citizen at all times. 

Sec. 9. The General Assembly shall provide for the estab¬ 
lishment of polling precincts in the several counties of the 
State, and those now existing shall so continue until 
abolished or changed. Each elector shall be required to vote 
at his own precinct, but provision shall De made for his 
transfer to another precinct upon his change of residence. 

Sec. 10. The General Assembly shall provide by law for 
the regulation of party primary elections, and punishing 
fraud at the same. 

Sec. 11. The registration books shall close at least thirty 
days before an election, during which time transfers and 
registration shall not be legal: provided, persons who will 
become of age during that period shall be entitled to regis¬ 
tration before the books are closed. 

Sec. 12. Electors in municipal elections shall possess the 
qualifications and be subject to the disqualifications herein 
prescribed. The production of a certificate of registration 
from the registration officers of the county as an elector at a 
precinct included in the incorporated city or town in which the 
voter desires to vote is declared a condition prerequisite to 
his obtaining a certificate of registration for municipal elec¬ 
tions. and in addition he must have been a resident within 
the corporate limits at least four months before the election, 
and have paid all taxes due and collectible for the preceding 
fiscal year. The General Assembly shall provide for the 
registration of all voters before each election in municipali¬ 
ties: provided, that nothing herein contained shall apply to 
any municipal elections which may be held prior to the 
general election of the year 1896. 

Sec. 13. In authorizing a special election in any incorpo¬ 
rated city or town in this State for the purpose of bonding 
the same, the General Assembly shall prescribe as a condi¬ 
tion precedent to the holding of said election a petition 
from a majority of the freeholders of said city or town, as 
shown by its tax books, and at such elections all electors of 
such city or town who are duly qualified for voting under 
section 12 of this article, and who have paid all taxes. State, 
county, and municipal, for the previous year, shall be al¬ 
lowed to vote; and the vote of a majority of those voting in 
said election shall be necessary to authorize the issue of said 
bonds. 


38 


Sec. 14. Electors shall in all cases except treason, felony, 
or a breach of the peace, he privileged from arrest on the 
days of election during their attendance at the polls, and 
going to and returning therefrom. 

Sec. 15. No power, civil or military, shall at any time 
interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage 
in this State. 


LOUISIANA. 

ARTICLE CXCVII. 


SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS. 

Every male citizen of this State and of the United States, 
native born or naturalized, not less than twenty-one years 
of age, and possessing the following qualifications, shall be 
an elector, and shall be entitled to vote at any election in 
the State by the people, except as may be herein otherwise 
provided. 

Section 1. He shall have been an actual bona fide resident 
of this State for two years, of the parish one year, and of 
the precinct in which he offers to vote six months next pre¬ 
ceding the election: provided, that removal from one pre¬ 
cinct to another in the same parish shall not operate to de¬ 
prive any person of the right to vote in the precinct from 
which he has removed until six months after such removal. 

Sec. 2. He shall have been at the time he offers to vote, 
legally enrolled as a registered voter on his personal appli¬ 
cation, in accordance with the provisions of this Constitu¬ 
tion and the laws enacted thereunder. 

The qualifications of voters and the registration laws in 
force prior to the adoption of this Constitution shall remain 
in force until December 31, 1898, at which date all the pro¬ 
visions of this Constitution relative to suffrage, registra¬ 
tion and election, except as hereinafter otherwise provided, 
shall go into effect, and the General Assembly shall, and is 
hereby directed, at its regular session in 1898, to enact a 
general registration law to carry into effect the provisions 
of this Constitution relative to the qualifications and regis¬ 
tration of voters. 

Sec. 3. He shall be able to read and write, and shall de- 
monsrate his ability to do so when he applies for registra¬ 
tion, by making, under oath administered by the registration 
officer or his deputy, written application therefor, in the 
English language, or his mother tongue, which application 


39 


shall contain the essential facts necessary to show that he 
is entitled to register and vote, and shall be entirely writ¬ 
ten. dated and signed by him, in the presence of the regis¬ 
tration officer or his deputy, without assistance or sugges¬ 
tion from any person or any memorandum whatever, except 
the form of application hereinafter set forth: provided, how¬ 
ever, that if the applicant be unable to write his application 
in the English language, he shall have the right, if he so de¬ 
mands, to write the same in his mother tongue from the 
dictation of an interpreter, and if the applicant is unable to 
write his application by reason of physical disability, the 
same shall be written at his dictation by the registration 
officer or his deputy, upon his oath of such disability. The 
application for registration, above provided for, shall be a 
copy of the following form, with the proper names, dates 
and numbers substituted for the blanks appearing therein— 
to wit: 

I am a citizen of the State of Louisiana. My name is —— 

I was born in the State (or country) of -, parish (or 

county) of-, on the-day of-, in the year-. I 

am now - vears, - months and —— days of age. I 

have resided in this State since-, in this parish-, and 

in precinct No.-, of ward No.-, of this parish, since 

-, and I am not disfranchised by any provision of the 

Constitution of this State. 

Sec. 4. If he be not able to read and write, as provided by 
section three of this article, then he shall be entitled to 
register and vote if he shall, at the time he offers to register, 
be the bona fide owner of property assessed to him in tins 
State at a valuation of not less than three hundred dollars 
on the assessment roll of the current year in which he of¬ 
fers to register, or on the roll of the preceding year, if the 
roll of the current year shall not then have been completed 
and filed, and on which, if such property be personal only, 
all taxes due shall have been paid. The applicant for regis¬ 
tration under this section shall make oath before the regis¬ 
tration officer or his deputy, that he is a citizen of the 
United States and of this State, over the age of twenty-one 
years; that he possesses the qualifications prescribed in 
section one of this article, and that he is the owner of prop¬ 
erty assessed in this State to him at a valuation of not less 
than three hundred dollars, and if such property be personal 
only, that all taxes due thereon have been paid. 

Sec. 5. No male person who was on January 1, 1867, or at 
any date prior thereto, entitled to vote under the Constitu- 












40 


tion or statutes of any State of the United States, wherein he 
then resided, and no son or grandson of any such person not 
less than twenty-one years of age at the date of the adoption 
of this Constitution, and no male person of foreign birth, 
who was naturalized prior to the first day of January, 1898. 
shall be denied the right to register and vote in this State 
by reason of his failure to possess the educational or prop¬ 
erty ciualifications prescribed by this Constitution: provided, 
he shall have resided in this State for five years next preced¬ 
ing the date at which he shall apply for registration, and 
shall have registered in accordance with the terms of this 
article prior to September 1, 1898, and no person shall be 
entitled to register under this section after said date. 

Every person claiming the benefit of this section shall 
make application to the proper registration officer, or his 
deputy, for registration, and he shall make oath before such 
registration officer or his deputy \in the form following— 
viz.: I am a citizen of the United States and of this State, 
over the age of twenty-one years; I have resided in this 
State for five years next preceding this date. I was on the 

- day of-entitled to vote under the Constitution or 

statutes of the State of —‘wherein I then resided (or, I am 

the son, or grandson) of-, who was on the - day of 

- entitled to vote under the Constitution or statutes of 

the State of -, wherein he then resided, and I desire to 

avail myself of the privileges conferred by section five of 
article one hundred and ninety-seven of the Constitution of 
this State. 

A separate registration of voters applying under this sec¬ 
tion shall be made by the registration officer of every 
parish, and for this purpose the registration officer of every 
parish shall keep his office open daily, Sundays and legal 
holidays excepted, from May 16, 1898, until August 31, 1898. 
both included, during the hours prescribed by Act No. 89 of 
the General Assembly of 1896. In every parish, except the 
parish of Orleans, he shall keep his office at the court-house 
at least during the months of May, June and August, and 
during the month of July he shall keep it for ai least one 
day at or near each polling place, giving thirty days’ notice 
thereof by publication. 

The registration of voters under this section shall close 
on the 31st day of August, 1898, a,nd immediately thereafter 
the registration officer of every parish shall make a sworn 
copy, in duplicate, of the list of persons registered under 
this section, showing in detail whether the applicant regis- 






41 


tered as a voter of 1867, or prior thereto, or as the son of 
such voter, or as a grandson of such voter, and deposit one 
of said duplicates in the office of the Secretary of State, to 
be by him recorded and preserved as a part of the permanent 
record of his office, and the other of said duplicates shall be 
by him hied in the office of the clerk of the district court of 
the parish, and in the parish of Orleans in the office of the 
recorder of mortgages; there to remain a permanent record. 

All persons who names appear on said registration lists 
shall be admitted to register for all elections in this State 
without possessing the educational or property qualification 
presribed by this Constitution, unless otherwise disqualified, 
and all persons who do not by personal application claim ex¬ 
emption from the provisions of sections three and four of 
this article before September 1, 1898, shall be forever denied 
the right to do so. 

The Legislature shall, at its first session after the adoption 
of this Constitution, provide the manner in which persons 
whose names appear upon said registration lists shall here¬ 
after register, which mode may be different from that re¬ 
quired for persons registering under the other sections of 
this article; and shall also provide a remedy whereby sub¬ 
sequently to the close of said registration on August 31. 1898. 
the names of any persons who may have obtained registra¬ 
tion under this section by false statements of fact or other 
fraud shall by appropriate proceedings be stricken from said 
roll. 

ARTICLE CXCVIII. 

No person less than sixty years of age shall be permitted 
to vote at. any election in the State who shall not. in addi¬ 
tion to the qualifications above prescribed, have paid on or 
before the 31st day of December of each year, for two years 
preceding the year in which he offers to vote, a poll tax of 
one dollar per annum, to be used exclusively in aid of the 
public schools of the parish in which such tax shall have 
been collected, which tax is hereby imposed on every male 
resident of this State between the age of twenty-one and 
sixty years. Poll taxes shall be a lien only upon assessed 
property, and no process shall issue to enforce the collection 
of the same except against assessed property. 

Every person liable for such tax shall, before being al¬ 
lowed to vote, exhibit to the commissioners of election his 
poll fax receipts for two years, issued on the official form, 
or duplicates thereof in the event of loss, or proof of pay- 


42 


ment. of sucli poll taxes may he made by a certificate of the 
tax collector, which shall be sent to the commissioners of 
the several voting precincts, showing a list of those who 
have paid said two years’ poll taxes, as above provided, and 
the dates of payment. It is hereby declared to be forgery, 
and punishable as such, for any tax collector or other per¬ 
son to antedate or alter a poll tax receipt. Any person 
who shall pay the poll tax of another or advance him money 
for that purpose, in order to influence his vote, shall be 
guilty of bribery and punished accordingly. The provisions 
of this section as to the payment of poll taxes shall not apply 
to persons who are deaf and dumb or blind, nor to persons 
under twenty-three years of age who have paid all poll taxes 
assessed against them. This section shall not go into ope¬ 
ration until after the general State election to be held in the 
year 1900, and the Legislature elected in the year 1908 shall 
hare authority to repeal or modify the same. 

ARTICLE CXCIX. 

Upon all questions submitted to the tax-payers, as such, 
of any municipal or other political subdivision of this State, 
the qualifications of such taxpayers as voters shall be those 
of age and residence prescribed by this article, and women 
taxpayers shall have the right to vote at all such elections, 
without registration, in person or by their agents authorized 
in writing; but all other persons voting at such elections 
shall be registered voters. 

ARTICLE CC. 

No person shall vote at any primary election or in any 
convention or other political assembly held for the purpose 
of nominating any candidate for public office unless he is at 
the time a registered voter. And in all political conventions 
in this State the apportionment of representation shall be on 
the basis of population. 

ARTICLE CCI. 

Any person possessing the qualifications prescribed by 
section three or four of article one hundred and ninety- 
seven of this Constitution, who may be denied registration, 
shall have the right to apply for relief to the district court 
having jurisdiction of civil causes for the parish in which 


43 


ho offers to register, and the party cast in said suit shall have 
the right, of appeal to the Supreme Court; and any citizen of 
the State shall have a like right to apply to said courts to 
have stricken off any names illegally placed on said regis¬ 
tration rolls under section three and four of article one hun¬ 
dred and ninety-seven, and such applications and appeals 
shall be tried by said courts by preference, in open court or 
at chambers. The General Assembly shall provide by law 
for such applications and appeals without cost, and for the 
prosecution of all persons charged with illegal or fraudulent 
registration or voting, or any other crime or offence against 
the registration or election or primary elections laws. 

ARTICLE CCII. 

The following persons shall not be permitted to register, 
vote or hold any office of appointment of honor, trust or 
profit in this State—to wit: Those who have been con¬ 
victed of any crime punishable by imprisonment in the peni¬ 
tentiary and not afterwards pardoned with express resto¬ 
ration of franchise; those who are inmates of any charitable 
institution, except the Soldiers’ Home; those actually con¬ 
fined in any public prison; all indicted persons, and all per¬ 
sons notoriously insane or idiotic, whether interdicted or 
not. 

ARTICLE CC1II. 

In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by 
ballot, and the ballots cast shall be publicly counted. In 
all elections by persons in a representative capacity, the 
vote shall be viva voce. 

ARTICLE CCIV. 

Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or 
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance on elections, and in going to and returing from 
the same. 

ARTICLE CCV. 

The General Assembly shall by law forbid the giving or 
selling of intoxicating drinks, on the day of any election, or 
primary election, within one mile of any polling place. 

ARTICLE CCVI. 

Until otherwise provided by law, the general State election 


44 


shall be held once every four years, on the Tuesday next fol¬ 
lowing the third Monday in April. 

Presidential electors and members of Congress shall he 
chosen or elected in the manner and at the time prescribed 
by law. 

ARTICLE CCVII. 

Parochial elections, except in the city of New CMe^us, 
shall be held on the same day as the general State election, 
and not oftener than once in four years. 

In the city of New Orleans parochial and municipal elec¬ 
tions shall be held on the Tuesday following the first Mon¬ 
day of November, 1899, and of every fourth year thereafter, 
but the General Assembly may change the date of said 
election after the year 1899: provided, that the parochial and 
municipal elections shall be held together, and shall always 
be on a day separate and apart from the general State elec¬ 
tion and not oftener than once in four years. The muni¬ 
cipal and parochial officers in the city of New Orleans sh°P 
take their offices on the first Monday in the month of May 
following their election, until otherwise provided by law. 

ARTICLE CCVIII. 

For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to 
have gained a residence, by reason of his presence, or lost it 
by reason of his absence, while employed in the service, 
either civil or military, of this State or of the 
States, or while engaged in tne navigation of the waters of 
the State or of the United States, or of the high seas, or 
while a student of any institution of learning. 

ARTICLE CCIX. 

The General Assembly shall provide by law for the trial 
and determination of contested elections of all public offi¬ 
cers, whether State, judicial, parochial or municipal (except 
Governor and Lieutenant-Governor), which trials shall be by 
the courts of law and at the domicile of the party defendant. 

ARTICLE CCX. 

No person shall be eligible to any office, State, judicial, 
parochial, municipal or ward, who is not a citizen of this 
State and a duly qualified elector of the State, judicial dis- 


45 


trict, parish, municipality or ward wherein the functions of 
said office are to be performed. And whenever any officer. 
State, judicial, parochial, municipal or ward, may change 
his residence from this State, or from the district, parish, 
municipality or ward in which he holds such office, the same 
shall thereby be vacated, any declaration of retention of 
domicile to the contrary notwithstanding. 

ARTICLE CCXI. 

Returns of elections for all civil officers who are to be 
commissioned by the Governor shall be made to the Secre¬ 
tary of State, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution. 

ARTICLE CCXII. 

All elections by the people, except primary elections and 
municipal elections in towns having a population of less 
than twenty-five hundred, when such elections are not held 
at the same time as general State elections, shall be by offi¬ 
cial ballot, printed and distributed at the expense of the 
State, and until otherwise provided by law such ballots 
shall have printed thereon, and at the head and immediately 
preceding the list of names of the candidates of each politi¬ 
cal party or nominating paper, a specific and separate device 
by which the political party and the candidates of such 
political party or nominating paper may be indicated. By 
stamping such device at the head of the list of candidates of 
each political party, or nominating paper, the voter may in¬ 
dicate that his vote is for the entire or straight ticket of the 
particular device allotted to such political party or nomi¬ 
nating paper. When the voter does not desire to vote for 
candidates of any political party or nominating paper, by 
stamping a black space to the left opposite the name of each 
candidate on said official ballot. 

The General Assembly shall provide some plan by which 
the voters may prepare their ballots in secrecy at the polls. 
This article shall not be construed so as to prevent the 
names of independent candidates from being printed 
on the ballots with a device; and names of candi¬ 
dates may be written on the ballot. These provisions shall 
not apply to elections for the imposition of special taxes, for 
which the General Assembly shall provide special laws. 


46 


ARTICLE CCXIII. 

Electors shall not be registered within thirty days next 
preceding any election at which they may offer to vote, but 
applications to the courts, and appeals may be heard and 
determined, and revision take place at any time prior to the 
election, and no person who, in respect to age and residence, 
would become entitled to vote within the said thirty days, 
shall be excluded from registration on account of his want 
of qualifications at the time of his application for regis¬ 
tration. 

ARTICLE CCXIV. 

The Legislature shall provide for the registration of voters 
throughout the State, 


ARTICLE CCXV. 

The Legislature shall enact laws to secure fairness in 
party primary elections, conventions, or other methods of 
naming party candidates. 

ARTICLE CCXVL 

In the trial of contested elections and in proceedings for 
the investigation of elections, and in all criminal trials un¬ 
der the election laws, no person shall be permitted to with¬ 
hold his testimony on the grounds that he may criminate 
himself or subject himself to public infamy, but such testi¬ 
mony shall not be used against him in any judicial proceed¬ 
ings except for perjury in giving such testimony. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

ARTICLE VI. 

SUFFRAGE AND ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE. 

Section 1. Every male person born in the United States, 
and every male person who has been naturalized, twenty-one 
years of age, and possessing the qualifications set out in this 
article, shall be entitled to vote at any election by the people 
in the State, except as herein otherwise provided. 

Sec. 2. He shall have resided in the State of North Caro¬ 
lina for two years, in the county six months, and in the pre¬ 
cinct, ward or other election district, in which he offers to 


47 


vote, four months next preceding the election: provided, 
that removal from one precinct, ward or other election dis¬ 
trict, to another in the same county, shall not operate to de¬ 
prive any person of the right to vote in the precinct, ward or 
other election district from which he has removed until four 
months after such removal. No person who has been con¬ 
victed, or who has confessed his guilt in open court upon in¬ 
dictment, of any crime, the punishment of which now is, or 
may hereafter be, imprisonment in the State’s prison, shall 
be permitted to vote unless the said person shall be first 
restored to citizenship in the manner prescribed by law. 

Sec. 3. Every person offering to vote shall be at the time 
a legally registered voter as herein prescribed, and in the 
manner hereafter provided by law. and the General As¬ 
sembly of North Carolina shall enact general registration 
laws to carry into effect the provisions of this article. 

Sec. 4. Every person presenting himself for registration 
shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitu¬ 
tion in the English language; and before he shall be en¬ 
titled to voce, he shall have paid on or before the first day 
of May of the year in which he proposes to vote, his poll 
tax for the previous year as prescribed by Article 5, section 
1. of the Constitution. But no male person, who was, on 
January 1, 1867, or at any time prior thereto, entitled io 
vote under the laws of any State in the United States 
wherein he then resided, and no lineal descendant of any 
such person shall be denied the right to register and vote 
at any election in this State by reason of his failure to pos¬ 
sess the educational qualifications herein prescribed: pro¬ 
vided. he shall have registered in accordance with the terms 
of this section prior to December 1, 190S. 

The General Assembly shall provide for the registration 
of all persons entitled to vote without the educational 
qualifications herein prescribed, and shall, on or before 
November 1, 1908, provide for the making of a permanent 
record of such registration, and all persons so registered 
shall forever thereafter have the right to vote in all elec¬ 
tions by the people in this State, unless disqualified under 
section 2 of this article: provided, such person shall have 
paid his poll tax as above required. 

Sec. 5. That this amendment to the Constitution is pre¬ 
sented and adopted as one indivisible plan for the regulation 
of the suffrage, with the intent and purpose to so connect 
the different parts, and to make them so dependent upon 
each other, that the whole shall stand or fall together. 




48 


Sec. f>. All elections by the people shall be by ballot, and 
all elections by the General Assembly shall be viva race. 

Sec. 7. Every voter in North Carolina, except as in this 
article disqualified, shall be eligible to office, but before en¬ 
tering upon the duties of the office he shall take and sub¬ 
scribe the following oath: 

“I, ., do solemnly swear (or affirm) 

that I will support and maintain the Constitution and laws 
of the United States, and the Constitution and laws of North 
Carolina, not inconsistent therewith, and that I will faith¬ 
fully discharge the duties of my office as. 

So help me God.” 

Section S. The following classes of persons shall be dis¬ 
qualified for office—first, all persons who shall deny the 
being of Almighty God; second, all persons who shall have 
been convicted or confessed their guilt on indictment pend¬ 
ing, and whether sentenced or not, or under judgment sus¬ 
pended, of any treason or felony, or of any other crime, for 
which the punishment may be imprisonment in the peniten¬ 
tiary, since becoming citizens of the United States, or of 
corruption or malpractice in office; unless such person shall 
be restored to the rights of citizenship in a manner pre¬ 
scribed by law. 

Sec. 9. That this amendment to the Constitution shall go 
into effect on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and 
two, if a majority of votes cast, at the next general election 
shall be cast in favor of this suffrage amendment. 

Sec. II. This amendment to the Constitution shall be sub¬ 
mitted at the next general election to the qualified voters of 
the State, in the same manner and under the same rules and 
regulations as is provided in the law regulating general elec¬ 
tions in this State, and at said elections those persons de¬ 
siring to vote for such amendment shall cast a written or 
printed ballot with the words ‘‘For Suffrage Amendment” 
thereon; and those with a contrary opinion shall cast a writ¬ 
ten or printed ballot with the words ‘‘Against Suffrage 
Amendment” thereon. 

Sec. III. The votes cast at said election shall be counted, 
compared, returned and canvassed, and the result announced 
and declared under the same rules and regulations, and in 
the same manner as the vote for Governor, and if a majority 
of the votes cast are in favor of the said amendment, it shall 
be the duty of the Governor of the State, upon being notified 
of the result of said election, to certify said amendment un¬ 
der the seal of the State to the Secretary of State, who shall 
enroll the said amendment, so certified, ameng the perma¬ 
nent records of his office. 






Committees of the Convention of I850-’5I. 


(1) A Committee on Basis and Apportionment of Repre¬ 
sentation. 

(2) A Committee on the Right of Suffrage and Qualifica¬ 
tions of Persons to be elected. 

(3) A Committee on the Legislative Department of the 
Government. 

(4) A Committee on the Judiciary. 

(5) A Committee on the County Courts. County Organiza¬ 
tion and County Taxation. 

(6) A Committee on the Executive Department and Min¬ 
isterial Officers. 

(7) A Committee on Education and Public Instruction. 

(S) A Committee on the Bill of Rights, and on such por¬ 
tions of the Constitution as are not referred to other com¬ 
mittees. 

Committees of the Convention of 1867-’68* 

(It On Preamble and Bill of Rights, and Division of the 
Powers of Government. 

(2) On Legislative Department. 

(3) On the Elective Franchise and Qualifications for Office. 

(4) On the Basis of Representation and Apportionment. 

(5) On the Executive Department of Government. 

(6) On the Judiciary, excepting County and Corporation 
Courts. 

(7) On Education and the Funds Relating Thereto. 

(8) On Taxation and Finance. 

(9) On County and Corporation Courts and County Organ¬ 
izations. 

(10) On Limitations and Guarantees. 

(11) On Currency, Banking, and Insurance. 

(12) On Public Institutions. 

(13) On Prisons and the Preventives and Punishment of 
Crime. 

(14) On Military Affairs. 

(15) On the Pardoning Power. 

(16) On Agricultural and Industrial Interests, and Immi¬ 
gration. 

(17) On Internal Improvements. 

(18) On Revision and Adjustment. 

(19) On Future Revision and Amendment of Constitution. 

(20) On Schedule. 


Table Showing how the Judges are Chosen in each State and 
Terms of Supreme Court Judges. 


0 

Constitution 

Adopted. 

Length of term in 

Years—Supreme 

Court. 

BY WHOM CHOSEN. 

Alabama. 

1875 

6 

People. 

Arkansas. 

1874 

8 

People. 

California. 

1879 

12 

People. 

Colorado .. 

1876 

9 

People and Governor. 

Connecticut. 

1818 

8 

Governor. Legislature and People 

Delaware. 

1897 

12 

Governor. 

Florida . 

1885 

0 

People and Governor. 

Georgia. 

1877 

6 

People. 

Idaho . 

1889 

6 

People. 

Illinois. 

1870 

9 

People. 

Indiana. 

1851 

6 

People. 

Iowa . 

1857 

6 

People. 

Kansas. 

1859 

6 

People. 

Kentucky . 

1891 

8 

People. 

Louisiana. 

1898 

12 

Governor and People. 

Maine.. . 

1820 

7 

Governor. 

Maryland. 

1867 

15 

People 

Massachusetts . .... 

1780 

Life 

covernor. 

Michigan. 

1850 

8 

People. 

Minnesota. 

1857 

6 

People. 

Mississippi. 

1890 

9 

Governor. 

Missouri. 

1875 

10 

People. 

Montana. 

1889 

6 

People. 

Nebraska. 

1875 

6 

People. 

Nevada . 

1861 

6 

People. 

New Hampshire. 

1792 

Life 

Governor. 

New Jersey. 

1844 

6 

Governor. 

New York. 

1S95 

14 

People. 

North Carolina .... 

1876 

8 

People. 

North Dakota. 

1889 

6 

People. 

Ohio. 

185! 

5 

People. 

Oregon. 

1857 

6 

People. 

Pennsylvania. 

187 8 

21 

People. 

Rhode Island . .... 

1842 

Life 

Legislature. 

South Carolina. 

1895 

8 

! Legislature. 

South Dakota. 

1889 

6 

People. 

Tennessee. 

1870 

8 

People. 

Texas . 

1876 

6 

People. 

L T tali . 

1895 

0 

People. 

Vermont. 

1793 

■i 

People and Legislature. 

Virginia . 

1869 

12 

Legislature. 

Washington. 

1889 

7 

People. 

West Virginia. 

1872 

12 

People. 

Wisconsin. 

1848 

5 

People. 

Wyoming. 

1889 

1 8 

1 People. 


Notes.— Where more than one method of choosing Judges in the same 
State is indicated in the above table, it means that some of the Judges 
are selected by one method and some by the other. Some States make 
their Judges ineligible to re-election. Some retire their Judges at the 
age of 70. 






















































Financial Statistics of the State of Virginia, Taken 
from the Report of the First Auditor, 1900. 


Total income of State, 1900 .$3,739,267 92 

Total expenditures of State, 1900. 3,535,343 28 

Number of Persons Assessed for Capitation Tax, 1900: 

Whites . 257,123 

Negroes . 125,033 


Total polls . 382,156 

Number Failing to Pay Capitaltion Tax for 1899 (latest fig¬ 

ures obtainable): 

White . 65,422 

Negroes . 58,312 


Total . 123,734 

Total Value of Personal Property in 1900, owned by— 

Whites .$103,456,819 

Negroes . 3,822,582 


$107,279,401 

Real Estate. Reassessment of 1900: 

Whites .$312,447,858 

Negroes. 12,464,377 


$324,9r2,235 

School Statistics: 

Total cost of Virginia public schools from 


1870 to 1899 (inclusive) .$36,919,186 00 

White schools cost. 25,843,430 20 

Negro schools cost . 11,075,755 80 

Whites were taxed for negro schools. 9,192,877 32 

Negroes have been taxed . 1,882,878 48 


Total amount paid by whites for schools, 35,036,307 52 























52 


License Taxes, 1900: 

Licenses, other than liquor.$407,710 09 

Liquor. 300,493 93 


Total .$708,204 02 

Tax Received from (1900) — 

Telegraph and telephone companies.$ 28,948 .52 

Insurance companies . 79,506 74 

Steamboats. 3,207 12 

Express companies . 4,396 60 

Railroads. 250,987 70 

Banks . 44,533 10 

Fees for charters of incorporation. 66,361 75 

Items of Expenditure: 

Public schools .$996,850 52 

Maintaining hospitals for the insane. 361,131 82 

University of Virginia. 57,499 99 

Virginia Military Institute. 30.000 00 

Va. Agricultural and Mechanical College. 15,750 00 

William and Mary. 18,333 33 

Salaries of State officers .... ; . 112,228 19 

Expenses of General Assembly, 1899-1900.... 75,971 60 




















AN ACT 


Approved February 16, 3901. 

To provide for the selection of delegates to the Constitutional 
Convention, for the convening of said delegates, the organi¬ 
zation of the said Convention, and for submitting the re¬ 
vised and amended ('(institution to the people of the &date 
of Virginia for ratification or rejection. 

Whereas in pursuance of an act of the General Assembly, 
approved March fifth, nineteen hundred, entitled “an act to 
provide for submitting to the qualified voters of the State the 
question of calling a Constitutional Convention to be held 
for the purpose of revising and amending the present Con¬ 
stitution,’’ an election was duly held on the fourth Thursday 
in May, nineteen hundred; and 

Whereas the Board of State Canvassers have certified that 
at said election a large majority of the qualified voters of 
this State voted in favor of a Constitutional Convention, and 
their determination has been communicated by the Governor 
to this body, and it is now proper to provide plans for the 
election of the delegates to such Conveniion for the con¬ 
vening of said delegates and the organization of the said 
Convention, and for submitting the revised and amended 
Constitution to the people of the State of Virginia for rati¬ 
fication or rejection; therefore, 

1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, 
That the delegates to the said Convention shall be elected at 
the election to be held on the fourth Thursday in May, nine¬ 
teen hundred and one, and the judges of election at the sev¬ 
eral voting places in the State where otherwise there would 
be no election held are hereby required to hold an election 
on said day for the election of delegates to said Convention. 

2. The ballots to be used in said election shall be furnished 
by the respective electoral boards of the counties and cities 
of the Commonwealth, and the election of delegates to the 
Convention shall, in all respects, be in accordance with the 
general election laws of the Commonwealth for the election 
of members of the General Assembly, except as hereinafter 
provided. 

3. All persons shall be qualified to vote for delegates to 


54 


the Convention, and shall be eligible to membership therein, 
who are entitled to vote for members of the General As¬ 
sembly under the Constitution and laws of this Common¬ 
wealth. 

4. The apportionment and districts shall be as prescribed 
in this section. 

From the counties, cities and towns of each district as now 
created by law for the election of members to the House of 
Delegates of the General Assembly of Virginia there shall be 
elected by the qualified electors thereof delegates as follows: 

Accomac shall have one delegate; Albemarle and the city 
of Charlottesville shall have two delegates; Alexandria 
county and the city of Alexandria shall have one delegate; 
Alleghany, Bath and Highland shall have one delegate; 
Amherst shall have one delegate; Augusta and the city of 
Staunton shall have two delegates; Bedford shall have two 
delegates; Botetourt shall have one delegate; Brunswick 
shall have one delegate; Buchanan. Dickenson and Wise shall 
have one delegate; Buckingham and Cumberland shall have 
one delegate; Campbell shall have one delegate; Campbell 
and Appomattox shall have one delegate; Caroline shall 
have one delegate; Carroll shall have one delegate; Char¬ 
lotte shall have one delegate; Chesterfield, Manchester and 
Powhatan shall have two delegates; Clarke and Warren shall 
have one delegate; Craig. Roanoke county and Roanoke city 
shall have two delegates; Culpeper shall have one delegate; 
Dinwiddie shall have one delegate; Elizabeth City and Ac¬ 
comac shall have one delegate; Essex and Middlesex shall 
have one delegate; Fairfax shall have one delegate; Fau¬ 
quier shall have one delegate; Floyd shall have one dele¬ 
gate; Fluvanna and Goochland shall have one delegate; 
Franklin shall have one delegate; Frederick and Winchester 
shall have one delegate; Gloucester and Mathews shall have 
one delegate; Grayson shall have one delegate; Greene and 
Madison shall have one delegate; Greenesvilie and Sussex 
shall have one delegate; Halifax shall have two delegates: 
Hanover shall have one delegate; Henrico shall have one 
delegate; Henry shall have one delegate; isle of Wight shall 
have one delegate; King and Queen shall have one delegate; 
King William and Hanover shall have one delegate; Lan¬ 
caster and Richmond county shall have one delegate; Lee 
shall have one delegate; Loudoun shall have one delegate; 
Loudoun and Fauquier shall have one delegate; Louisa shall 
have one delegate; Lynchburg shall have one delegate; 
Lunenburg shall have one delegate; Mecklenburg shall have 


55 


one delegate; Montgomery and Radford shall have one dele¬ 
gate; Nans^mond shall have one delegate; Nelson shall 
have one delegate; New Kent, Charles City, James City, 
Warwick, York, Williamsburg, and Newport News shall 
have one delegate; Norfolk city shall have two delegates; 
Norfolk county shall have one delegate; Northampton and 
Accomac shall have one delegate; Northumberland and 
Westmoreland shall have one delegate; Nottoway and 
Amelia shall have one delegate; Orange shall have one dele¬ 
gate; Page and Rappahannock shall have one delegate; 
Patrick shall have one delegate; Petersburg shall have two 
delegates; Pittsylvania and Danville shall have four dele¬ 
gates; Portsmouth shall have one delegate: Princess Anne 
shall have one delegate; Prince Edward shall have one dele¬ 
gate; Prince George and Surry shall have one delegate; 
Prince William shall have one delegate: Pulaski and Giles 
shall have one delegate; Rappahannock shall have one dele¬ 
gate; Richmond city shall have five delegates; Rockbridge 
and Buena Vista shall have two delegates; Rockingham 
shall have two delegates: Russell shall have one delegate; 
Scott shall have one delegate; Shenandoah shall have one 
delegate; Southampton shall have one delegate; Smyth and 
Bland shall have one delegate; Spotsylvania and Fredericks¬ 
burg shall have one delegate; Stafford and King George shall 
have one delegate; Tazewell shall have one delegate; Wash¬ 
ington and city of Bristol shall have two delegates; W r ythe 
shall have one delegate. 

5. The Board of State Canvassers shall meet at the office 
of the Secretary of the Commonwealth on the first Monday 
in June, nineteen hundred and one. and shall examine the 
certified abstracts of said election and issue certificates to 
delegates to the Convention as the same would be issued 
under section one hundred and forty-two of the Code of Vir¬ 
ginia to members elected to th° General Assembly, and upon 
the day of the assembling of the Convention the Secretary of 
the Commonwealth shall lay before it a list of the delegates 
elected thereto with the districts they represent. If all the 
abstracts of votes to be counted shall not have been re¬ 
ceived by the first Monday in June, nineteen hundred and 
one, the said board shall adjourn from day to day until they 
shall be so received by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. 

6. The persons who shall be elected in pursuance of this 
act shall, on Wednesday, the twelfth day of June, nineteen 
hundred and one, at twelve o’clock, meet and assemble in 
the hall of the House of Delegates at the capitol, in the city 


56 


of Richmond, in general convention, to consider, discuss and 
propose a new Constitution, or alterations Slid amendments 
to the existing Constitution. 

7. The said Convention shall be the judge of its own privi¬ 
leges and elections, and the members thereof shall have, 
possess, and enjoy, in the most full and ample manner, all 
the privileges which members elected to and attending on 
the General Assembly are entitled to; and moreover, shall 
be allowed the same pay for travelling to. and returning 
from, the said Convention as is now allowed to members of 
the General Assembly, and shall receive for attendance upon 
said Convention the sum of four dollars per day, Sundays 
included; and the said Convention is hereby empowered to 
appropriate such sums of money as may be necessary to de¬ 
fray the costs of printing and other incidental expenses, and 
to appoint such officers and to make them reasonable allow¬ 
ances for their services as it shall deem proper, which seve¬ 
ral allowances shall be audited by the Auditor of Public Ac¬ 
counts and paid by the Treasurer of the Commonwealth 
upon proper warrants, to be attested by the clerk and signed 
by the president of the Convention. 

8. In the case of any contested election to the Convention, 
the same shall be governed in all respects by the existing 
laws in regard to contested elections to the Senate. 

9. The executive of this Commonwealth shall have power 
to award writs of election to supply vacancies which may 
happen in the Convention by death, removal, resignation, 
or other incapacity of any members elected to serve therein, 
according to the provisions of this act, previously to the 
meeting of the said Convention; but if any such vacancy 
shall happen after the meeting of the said Convention, the 
presiding officer of the same shall award the said writs, and 
the election under such writs shall be conducted in all re¬ 
spects as the elections hereinbefore provided for; and all 
provisions of law relating to special elections held under 
section one hundred and fifteen, Code of Virginia, shall ap¬ 
ply to elections held for the purpose of filling vacancies as 
aforesaid. 

10. It shall be the duty of the presiding officer of the said 
Convention to certify a copy of the Constitution, as the same 
shall be revised and amended, to the Governor as soon as the 
Convention shall have adjourned sine die. 

11. It shall be the duty of the Governor, upon the receipt 
of such certified copy, forthwith, by proclamation, to be pub¬ 
lished in such newspapers of this Commonwealth as may be 


57 

deemed sufficient, to announce the fact; and, moreover, to 
annex to his proclamation a copy of such revised and 
amended Constitution, together with schedule thereto an¬ 
nexed; which proclamation, Constitution, and schedule an¬ 
nexed, shall be published as aforesaid once a week for four 
successive weeks, and one hundred printed copies thereof 
shall be by the Governor forthwith transmitted to the clerk 
of each county and corporation court m this Commonwealth, 
to be by such clerk submitted to the examination of any 
person who may desire the same. 

12. If said Convention shall agree upon a revised and 
amended Constitution on or before the fifth day of October, 
nineteen hundred and one, the said revised and amended Con¬ 
stitution shall be submitted to the qualified voters of the 
Commonwealth as a whole or by separate articles or sec¬ 
tions. as the Convention may determine, for ratification or 
rejection, at the general election, to be held on the fifth day 
of November, nineteen hundred and one. 

13. Upon the official ballots to be used in the said general 

election shall be printed the words, “The Constitution as re¬ 
vised and amended”; or, article -, section -, of the 

Constitution as revised and amended, and underneath shall 
be the words, “For ratifying,” “For rejecting,” which shall 
be on two separate lines and in such type as is provided in 
the general law, and shall be at least one inch below any 
other printing on said ballot; or in the event any such arti¬ 
cles or sections are submitted separately, then beneath the 
words indicating such articles or sections shall be printed, 
in like manner, the words, “For ratifying,” “For rejecting,” 
which shall be on two separate lines and in such type as is 
provided in the general law. Any voter who may desire to 
vote for the ratification of the Constitution, or of any article 
or section separately submitted, shall strike out the words, 
“For rejecting,” and those who desire to vote for the re¬ 
jecting of the Constitution, or of any article or section sepa¬ 
rately submitted, shall strike out the words, “For ratifying.” 

14. Any voter who shall be unable to properly prepare his 
ballot shall be entitled to require such assistance for that 
purpose from the judge of election designated to assist 
illiterate and physically disabled voters, as is now provided 
under the general election laws of the State. 

15. The manner of receiving and canvassing said ballots 
and making returns and abstracts thereof shall conform in 
all respects to the requirements of the general election laws 
of the State, except the certificate of judges and 'clerks, 
which shall be as follows, or to like effect: 




58 


“We hereby certify that at the election held on the fifth 

day of November, nineteen hundred and one, there were- 

votes cast for ratifying the Constitution, and-votes cast 

for rejecting the Constitution”; or, -votes cast for rati¬ 
fying - article or-section of the Constitution as re¬ 
vised and amended and-votes cast for rejecting- 

article,-section of the Constitution as revised and 

amended. 


Clerks. Judges 

and the proper official canvassers of general election returns 
shall canvass these returns in a like manner as ether elec¬ 
tion returns, and the results shall be certified to the Secre¬ 
tary of the Commonwealth as the result in other elections 
is certified. 

16. It shall be the duty of the Board of State Canvassers 
to canvass said returns at the time returns of the said gen¬ 
eral election are canvassed; and if it snail appear that a ma¬ 
jority of the votes so cast is for ratifying said revised and 
amended Constitution, the Secretary of the Commonwealth 
shall certify the fact to the General Assembly upon the first 
day of the next regular session, in order that the Constitu¬ 
tion thus ratified shall be carried into effect. 

17. But if said Convention shall not propose a revised and 
amended Constitution on or before the fifth day of October, 
nineteen hundred and one, it shall remain for the next Gen¬ 
eral Assembly to enact such measures as it may deem proper 
for submitting the said revised and amended Constitution to 
the people of this Commonwealth for ratification or rejec¬ 
tion. 

18. This act shall be in force from its passage. 












Members of Constitutional Convention 1901. 

f Post-office Addresses follow names.] 


GEORGE KIMBROUGH ANDERSON, Clifton Forge, Alle¬ 
ghany county. Democrat. Represents Alleghany, Bath, 
and Highland counties. Born in Louisa county, Va., March 
6, 1860. Educated at the public schools and Harmony 
Academy, Louisa county, Va. Lawyer. Commonwealth’s 
attorney of Louisa county. 1887. Elected judge of Alleghany 
and Craig counties 1895. Now judge of said counties and 
Bath county. 

WILLIAM A. ANDERSON, Lexington. Va. Represents 
Rockbridge county and Buena Vista. Democrat. Born in 
Botetourt county in 1842. Educated at Washington and Lee, 
B. L. of University of Virginia. Lawyer. Member of Senate 
of Virginia 1869-73, House of Delegates 18S3-’89. Commis¬ 
sioner to Paris Exposition in 1878. President of the Vir¬ 
ginia Bar Association 1900. 

RUFUS A. AYERS, Big Stone Gap, Wise county. Demo¬ 
crat. Represents Buchanan, Dickenson and Wise counties. 
Born in Bedford county, Va., May 20, 1849. Educated at 
Bristol, Va. Lawyer and banker. Commonwealth’s at¬ 
torney for Scott county 1875-79. Attorney-General of Vir¬ 
ginia 1886-’90. 

JOHN STRODE BARBOUR. Culpeper, Culpeper county, 
Va. Democrat. Represents Culpeper county. Born in Cul¬ 
peper county August 10, 1866. Educated at public and 
private schools. Bachelor of Laws of the University of Vir¬ 
ginia. Lawyer. 

JOSEPH L. BARHAM. Newsom’s, Va. Democrat. Repre¬ 
sents Southampton county. Born in Southampton county, 
September 21, 1846. Educated at the Virginia Military Insti¬ 
tute. Merchant and farmer. Reassessor of lands in 1870. 
Magistrate. Deputy sheriff. Sheriff in 1887. Now super¬ 
visor. Served in the Confederate army from February, 1863, 
to close of war. 

MANLY HOWELL BARNES, Boulevard, New Kent 
countv. Democrat. Represents New Kent, Charles City, 
James City, York, and Warwick counties, and Williams¬ 
burg and Newport News. Born in James City county July 
25, 1854. Educated at Baltimore City College, B. A. of St. 
John’s College, Annapolis, Md. Studied law at the Uni- 


60 


versity of Virginia. Lawyer and farmer. Member of the 
Virginia Senate from 1893 to 1899. Commonwealth’s attor¬ 
ney New Kent county since July 1, 1883. 

THOMAS H. BARNES. Elwood, Nansemond county. 
Democrat. Represents Nansemond county. Born in Nanse¬ 
mond county in 1833. Educated at local academy and Uni¬ 
versity of Virginia, M. D. of the Medical College of Virginia. 
Formerly a practicing physician, now a farmer. Super¬ 
visor 1870. Chairman Democratic County Committee eight 
years. Member of House of Delegates 1873 to 1894, inclusive. 
On Visitorial Boards of William and Mary College and 
Medical College of Virginia. 

ROBERT WILLIAM BLAIR, Wytheville, Va. Represents 
Wythe county. Republican. Born at Wytheville, Va., Jan¬ 
uary 22, 1873. Educated at the University of Virginia. 
Lawyer. Chairman of the Republican Committee of Wythe 
county. 

WILLIAM H. BOAZ, Covesville, Va. Represents Albe¬ 
marle county and the city of Charlottesville. Democrat. 
Born in Albemarle county July 21, 1852. M. A.. B. L., of the 
University of Virginia. Farmer. Member of the House of 
Delegates since 1889. 

D. W. BOLEN, Hillsville, Va. Represents Carroll county. 
Democrat. 

WOOD BOULD1N, Houston. Halifax county. Democrat. 
Represents Halifax county. Born at Charlotte C. H., Va., 
September 28, 1838. Educated in Charlotte county and at 
the University of Virginia. Lawyer and farmer. Formerly 
member of the State Democratic Committee, and member of 
the National Democratic Convention 1884. Mason. 

ALLEN CAPERTON BRAXTON, Staunton. Democrat. 
Represents Augusta county and city of Staunton. Born at 
Union, Monroe county, W. Va., February 6. 1862. Educated 
at Pampatike Academy, King William county, Va. Lawyer. 
City attorney and Commonwealth’s attorney for city of 
Staunton 1886 to 1890. Member of Independent Order of 
Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. 

JOSEPH A. BRISTOW, Saluda, Va. Represents Essex 
and Middlesex counties. Republican. Born Middlesex 
county September 17, 1838. Educated at Oaken Ham and 
Centreville Academies. Farmer. Presidential elector 1892. 
Republican nominee for Congress from First District in 
1898. Inventor of the deep water oyster tongs. 

DAVID TUCKER BROOKE, Norfolk, Va. Represents 
Norfolk city. Democrat. Born at Richmond. Educated in 


61 


private schools and the University of Virginia. Lawyer. 
Judge of the Corporation Court of Norfolk city 1884-’95. 

JOHN THOMPSON BROWN, Brierfield, Bedford county. 
Represents Bedford county. Democrat. Born February 19, 
1861, in Hanover county, Va. Educated at “McCabe’s” and 
the University of Virginia. Farmer. Member of the Gen¬ 
eral Assembly of Virginia 1891-’92. Member Board of Visi¬ 
tors Virginia Polytechnic Institutte. 

WILLIAM EVELYN CAMERON. Petersburg. Democrat. 
Represents Petersburg. Born in Petersburg November 29, 
1842.- Educated at Petersburg Military Academy, Hillsboro, 
N. C., and Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Lawyer. 
Mayor of Petersburg 1876 to 1882. Governor of Virginia 
1882 to 1886. 

CLARENCE J. CAMPBELL. Amherst. Democrat. Repre¬ 
sents Amherst county. Born in Amherst, Va., May 31. 1863. 
Educated at Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. 
Member of the Virginia Legislature from 1891 to 1898. 
Lawyer. Judge of Amherst county since 1898. Member of 
staff of Governor Tvler, with rank of Colonel. 

PRESTON W. CAMPBELL, Abingdon, Va. Represents 
Washington county and Bristol city. Democrat. Born at 
Abingdon, Va., January 24, 1874. Educated at Abingdon 
Male Academy and University of Virginia. Lawyer. 

HILL CARTER. Ashland, Hanover county. Democrat. 
Represents Hanover county. Born in Caroline county, Va.. 
April 12, 1846. Lawyer. B. L. of Washington and Lee 
University. Attorney for the Commonwealth, Hanover 
county, 1876. Presidential elector 1880. 

HUNTER B. CHAPMAN, Woodstock, Shenandoah county. 
Democrat. Represents Shenandoah county. Born in Win¬ 
chester. Va., March 24, 1866. Educated at Winchester, Va. 
Railroad agent, farmer, and merchant. 

WILLTAM L. COBB, Penola Caroline county. Democrat. 
Represents Caroline county. Born September 5, 1850. Edu¬ 
cated at the common schools of his county. Farmer and 
lumber dealer. 

H. F CRISMOND, Fredericksburg, Va. Democrat. Rep¬ 
resents city of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania county. 
Porn in Spotsylvania county, Va.. June 15, 1849. Educated 
in private schools of the county. Merchant. Member of 
the General Assembly lSS5-’87. Member of the Democratic 
State Central Committee. 

JOHN WARWICK DANIEL, Lynchburg. Va. Represents 
Campbell county. Democrat. Born in Lynchburg, Va. 


62 


Lawyer. Educated at Lynchburg College, Dr. Harrison’s 
Academy, and University of Virginia. LL. D. of Washing¬ 
ton and Lee University and University of Michigan. Mem¬ 
ber of the Virginia House of Delegates 1865-70; Senate, 
1S74-’S1. Member of the United States House of Represen¬ 
tatives 1885-’87, and of the United States Senate since 1887. 
Elector at large for Tilden 1876. Delegate at large to the 
National Democratic Conventions of 1880, 1888, 1892, 1896, 
and 1900. Mason, thirty-third degree. 

B. A. DAVIS, Rocky Mount, Va. Represents Franklin 
county. Republican. 

WAYLAND FULLER DUNAWAY. Brookvale, Lancaster 
county. Democrat. Represents Lancaster and Richmond 
counties. Born in Lancaster county, Va., December 26, 1841. 
Educated at the academies of Northumberland and Lancas¬ 
ter counties, and at Columbian University, Washington. 
D. C., and University of Virginia. Minister of the Gospel. 
Captain in Confederate army. Admitted to the bar in 1867. 
Entered the ministry 1872. D. D. conferred by Richmond 
College, 1894. 

GEORGE N. EARMAN, Penn-Land, Rockingham county. 
Represents Rockingham county. Republican. Born in 
Rockingham county, Va., January 12, 1852. Farmer. Edu¬ 
cated in Rockingham county and University of Virginia. 
Commissioner of Revenue since 1887. 

DAVID Q. EGGLESTON, Smithville, Va. Represents 
Charlotte county. Democrat. Born in Charlotte county, 
Va., June 10, 1857. Educated at Hampden-Sidney College 
and University of Virginia. Lawyer. State Senator since 
1897, and member of Democratic State Central Committee. 
Mason. 

BRANCH .1. EPES, Dinwiddie, .Va. Represents Dinwiddie 
county. Democrat. Born in Nottoway county. Educated 
at Hampden-Sidney College and University of Virginia. 
Lawyer and farmer. Captain of artillery in Confederate 
army. Commonwealth's attorney for Dinwiddie county 
from 1868 to 1886. Judge of Dinwiddie county since 1886. 

HENRY FAIRFAX, Aldie, Va. Represents Loudoun 
county. Democrat. Born in Alexandria, Va., May 4. 1850. 
Educated at Virginia Military Institute. Farmer, formerly 
civil engineer. State Senator from Fauquier and Loudoun 
counties since 1890. 

ALBERT FLETCHER. Warrenton, Va. Represents Lou¬ 
doun and Fauquier counties. Democrat. Born near War¬ 
renton, Va. Merchant. Educated at the public schools. 
Served in Confederate army. 


63 


H. D. FLOOD, West Appomattox, Va. Represents Camp¬ 
bell and Appomattox counties. Democrat. Lawyer. For¬ 
merly State Senator and Commonwealth’s attorney of Ap¬ 
pomattox. Now member of Congress. 

O. TAYLOR GARNETT, Mathews, Mathews county. Rep¬ 
resents Mathews and Gloucester counties. Democrat. Born 
in Essex county. Lawyer. Educated by private tutors and 
at the Virginia Military Institute. Superintendent of schools 
and Commonwealth's attorney for Mathews county for 
twelve years. County judge of Mathews and Middlesex since 
1885. 

ALBERT P. GILLESPIE. Tazewell, Va. Represents Taze¬ 
well county. Republican, but elected without opposition. 
Born in Tazewell county April 3, 1855. B. A. of Emory and 
Henry College. Formerly attorney for Commonwealth 
of Tazewell county. Lawyer. 

JAMES WILLIAM GILMORE, Gilmore’s Mills. Rock¬ 
bridge county. Represents Rockbridge county. Democrat. 
Born December 7, 1851, in Rockbridge county. Educated at 
Virginia Military Institute. Farmer. 

CARTER GLASS, Lynchburg, Va. Represents Lynchburg. 
Democrat. Born in Lynchburg, Va., January 4, 1858. Editor. 
Educated in private and public schools. Member of State 
Senate and Board of Visitors University of Virginia, Mason. 

JOHN GOODE, Bedford City, Bedford county. Born in 
Bedford county on the 27th of May, 1829. Lawyer. Edu¬ 
cated at New London Academy and the University of Vir¬ 
ginia, College degrees M. A. and LL. D. Was elected in 
1857 to represent the county of Bedford in the Legislature, 
and again elected to that body from the city of Norfolk in 
1867. In 1861 was elected to represent the people of Bedford 
in the Secession Convention. In the winter of 1861-’62. 
while serving as a soldier in the field, was elected to the 
Confederate Congress, and re-elected in May, 1863. In 1874 
was elected from the Norfolk district to the United States 
House of Representatives, and re-elected in 1876-’78. Dur¬ 
ing the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses acted as 
chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor. Was 
Presidential elector in 1852, 1856, and 1884, and in the year 
last named presided at the meeting of the electors. Was 
president of the State Democratic Convention in 1872, and 
again in 1887. Was a member of the National Democratic 
Committee from 1868 to 1876. Served as a member of the 
Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia, William and 
Mary College, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. In 1885 
was appointed Solicitor-General of the United States, and 


in 1892 was appointed a member of the International Com¬ 
mission to adjust claims between the United States and 
Bar Association. While a member of the United States 
Chili. Served one term as President of the Virginia State 
House of Representatives he sometimes presided in the 
Committee of the Whole, and on one occasion was appointed 
Speaker pro tern, of that body. 

BENNETT TAYLOR GORDON, Lovingston, Nelson 
county. Represents Nelson county. Democrat. Born in 
Nelson county February 6, 1855. Lawyer. Educated at 
University of Virginia. Commonwealth’s attorney of Nel¬ 
son county since 1891. 

JAMES WADDELL GORDON. Richmond, Va. Repre¬ 
sents city of Richmond, Va. Democrat. Born in Richmond, 
Va., January 8, 1869. Lawyer. Educated in public schools. 
B. L. of Richmond College. Chairman Democratic party in 
Richmond 1900-1901. Knights of Pythias. 

R. LINDSAY GORDON, Louisa, Va. Represents Louisa. 
Democrat. Born January 21. 1S55, in Albemarle county. 
Lawyer. Commonwealth’s attorney Louisa county since 
1891. 

BERRYMAN GREEN. Danville, Va. Represents city of 
Danville and county of Pittsylvania. Democrat. Born 
Danville, Va., March 31, 1836. Lawyer. B. A. of University 
of North Carolina. Attorney for Commonwealth, Danville, 
1866-’71. Judge of Fourth Judicial Circuit, Virginia, from 
1879 to 1881. 

ROGER GREGORY, Lester Manor, Va. Represents King 
William and Hanover counties. Democrat. Born at Moore's, 
King William county, Va., April 3. 1833. B L. of University 
of Va. Lean of Law Faculty of Richmond College. LL. D. 
same institution. Formerly judge County Court of King Wil¬ 
liam (1870). Member of Va. House of delegates 1880-’82 
Served in Confederate Army. 

T. L. GWYN. Represents Grayson county. Democrat. 

ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Petersburg, Va. Represents 
city of Petersburg. Democrat. Lawyer. Board of Visitors 
of the Virginia Military Institute. 

BEVERLY AGTJSTUS HANCOCK, Manchester, Va. Rep¬ 
resents city of Manchester, Chesterfield and Powhatan coun¬ 
ties. Democrat. Born in Chesterfield county, Va., Septem¬ 
ber 18, 1847. Lawyer. Educated mainly at home. Com¬ 
monwealth’s attorney Chesterfield 1877-’86. Delegate to 
National Democratic Convention 1884. Judge of Second 
Judicial Circuit of Virginia since 1886. Superintendent of 
schools of Chesterfield 1870-’77, and of Manchester 1874-’82. 


65 


Member of Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, and Hepta- 
sophs. 

Li. A. HARDY. Represents Lunenburg county. Demo¬ 
crat. 

THOMAS W. HARRISON, Winchester, Frederick county. 
Represents Frederick county and the city of Winchester. 
Born at Leesburg. Va.. August 6, 1856. M. A. and B. L. of 
the University of Virginia. Member Senate of Virginia in 
1887 and 1895. Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit since 
May, 1895. Member Knights of Pythias. 

COODRICH HATTON, Portsmouth, Va. Born in Norfolk 
county on May 8, 1862. Lawyer. Educated at the Norfolk 
Academy. B. L. of the University of Virginia. Represents 
Portsmouth city. 

JAMES MURRY HOOKER, Stuart, Patrick county. Rep¬ 
resents Patrick county. Born in Patrick county October 29, 
1873. Democrat. Lawyer. Educated at the College of Wil¬ 
liam and Mary. B. L. of Washington and Lee University. 
Commonwealth’s attorney of Patrick county since 1897. 
Member of the State Democratic Committee. 

E. W. HUBBARD, Curdsville, Va. Represents Bucking¬ 
ham and Cumberland counties. Democrat. Lawyer. Mem¬ 
ber House of Delegates. Commonwealth’s attorney of Buck¬ 
ingham county. 

EPPA HUNTON, JR., Warrenton, Va. Represents Fau¬ 
quier county. Born April 14, 1855, in Prince William 
county. Lawyer. Educated at Belleview Academy. B. L. 
of University of Virginia. Democrat. Member of the Legis¬ 
lature 1893-’94. 

JOHN HENRY INGRAM, Manchester, Va. Represents 
Chesterfield, Powhatan, and the city of Manchester. Demo¬ 
crat. Born in Culpeper March 17, 1862. Educated at “Mc¬ 
Guire’s.” B. L. of Richmond College and University of Vir¬ 
ginia. Lawyer. .Judge of the Corporation Court of Man¬ 
chester since 1887. 

CLAGGETT BENNETT JONES, Bruington, King and 
Queen county. Represents King and Queen county. Demo¬ 
crat. Born in King and Queen county on the 29th of April, 
1857. Lawyer. Educated at Richmond College and Univer¬ 
sity of Virginia. Commonwetlth’s attorney of King and 
Queen county since 1887. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON JONES, Chestnut Level, Pittsyl¬ 
vania. Represents Pittsylvania county and the city of Dan¬ 
ville. Democrat. Born at Chatham, Va., June 1, 1832. 
Farmer. Educated principally in the old field schools of 


66 

Pittsylvania county. Served as lieutenant in the Confederate 
army. 

CEO. B. KEEZEL, Keezeltown, Va. Represents Rock¬ 
ingham county. Democrat. Born July 20, 1854, in Rock¬ 
ingham county Educated in county schools and Collegiate 
Institute of Baltimore. Farmer. Member of the Virginia 
State Senate during sessions 1883-’84 and 1885-’86. Elected 
again in 1895, and has been a member of that body since. 

GILMER S. KENDALL, Eastville, Va. Represents North¬ 
ampton and Accomac counties. Democrat. Judge County 
Court. 

JONH W. LAV/SON. Smithfield, Isle of Wight county, 
which county he represents. Democrat. Born James City. 
September 13, 1837. Educated at the College of William and 
Mary, University of Virginia, and the University of New 
York. Physician. Served six terms in the Virginia House 
of Delegates, one term in the Virginia State Senate. Mem¬ 
ber Fifty-second Congress. 

ALANSON TILMAN LINCOLN, Marion, Va. Represents 
Smyth and Bland counties. Republican. Born at Broad- 
ford. Va., October 23, .1858. Educated in public schools of 
Marion. Manufacturer. Chairman of the Marion School 
Board since 1895. Member of town council of Marion. 

JAMES H LINDSAY, Charlottesville, Va. Represents Al¬ 
bemarle county and city of Charlottesville. Democrat. Born 
in Fauquier county, Va., December 29, 1862. Editor. Edu¬ 
cated by his father, Prof. S. C. Lindsay. Formerly city 
treasurer and postmaster of Kernersville, N. C. Knight 
Templar and Mason. 

E. H. LOVELL, Locustdale, Va. Represents Greene and 
Madison counties. Democrat. 

JAMES W. MARSHALL, New Castle. Craig county. Rep¬ 
resents Roanoke city and Craig and Roanoke counties. 
Democrat. Born Augusta county March 31, 1844. Educated 
in old field schools and Roanoke College. Lawyer. Com¬ 
monwealth’s Attorney of Craig for ten years, House of 
Delegates for one term. State Senate for two terms. Mem¬ 
ber of Fifty-third Congress, and presidential elector-at-large. 

RICHARD McILWAlNE, Hampden-Sidney, Va. Repre¬ 
sents Prince Edward county. Democrat. Born in Peters¬ 
burg, Va., May 20, 1834. Educated at Hampden-Sidney Col¬ 
lege, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Semi¬ 
nary and Free Church College of Edenborough. President 
Hampden-Sidney College. Degrees, A. B., A. M., D. D., LL. 
D. Chaplain in the Confederate army. Formerly pastor of 
several prominent churches. Mason. 


67 


CHARLES V. MEREDITH, Richmond, Va. Represents 
city of Richmond. Democrat. Born in Richmond, Va. Ed¬ 
ucated in private schools and Richmond College. Lawyer. 
City attorney of Richmond 1885-’98. 

CHARLES E. MILLER. Mount Airy, Va. Represents Dan¬ 
ville and county of Pittsylvania. Democrat. Born in Hali¬ 
fax county, Va., December, 1844. Farmer and miller. Edu¬ 
cated at Lexington. Va. 

THOMAS JEFFERSON MONCURE, Falmouth, Va. Rep¬ 
resents Stafford and King George counties. Democrat. Born 
in Caroline county, Va., November 12, 1832. Educated at 
Virginia Military Institute. Civil engineer and farmer. 
Major in the Confederate armv. 

ROBERT WALTON MOORE, Fairfax, Va. Represents 
Fairfax county. Democrat. Born February 26, 1859. Edu¬ 
cated at Episcopal High School and University of Virginia. 
Lawyer. Formerly State Senator; also presidential elector 
1893, Member of the Board of Visitors of College of William 
and Marv and University of Virginia. 

THOMAS LEE MOORE, Christiansburg. Va. Represents 
Montgomery county and Radford city. Republican. Born 
February 10. 1865. Lawyer. Commonwealth’s attorney for 
Montgomery county 1895-’99. 

JAMES MITNDY, Buchanan, Va. Represents Botetourt 
county. Republican. Banker. 

V1RGINIUS NEWTON, Richmond, Va. Represents city 
of Richmond. Democrat. Born in Norfolk, Va., October 
27, 1844. President of the First National Bank of Richmond. 
President of the Union Bank of Richmond. First vice-presi¬ 
dent of the South-Atlantic Life Insurance Company. Second 
vice-president of the William R. Trigg Ship Company. B. L. 
of University of Virginia. Served in Confederate army. 

DANIEL CULLERS O’FLAHERTY, Front Royal. Va. 
Represents Warren and Clarke counties. Democrat. Born 
at Seven Fountains, Va., July 20, 1862. Educated at Le¬ 
banon. 0. B. L. of Washington and Lee University. Lawyer. 
Formerly Mayor of Front Royal. Mason. 

J. V/. ORR. Represents Lee county. Democrat. For¬ 
merly county judge. 

R. S. PARKS, Luray, Va. Represents Page and Rappa¬ 
hannock counties. Democrat. Born in Rappahannock 
county on June 4, 1839. Educated in the common schools. 
Lawyer. Commonwealth’s attorney of Page county since 
1885. Member House of Delegates since 1895. 

ABRAM L. PEDIGO, Preston. Va. Represents Henry 
county. Republican. Born in Patrick county July 22, 1839. 


68 


Educated in schools of Patrick, Henry, and Carroll counties. 
Farmer. Represented Henry county in the Legislature 
1887-’89. Mayor of Lexipg, Ohio, 1863-’65. 

WILLIAM BEVERLEY PETTIT, Palmyra, Fluvanna 
county. Represents 1 " Fluvanna and Goochland counties. 
Democrat. Born in'Fluvanna county October 10, 1825. Edu¬ 
cated in the old field schools and Selma Academy. Lawyer 
and farmer. Commonwealth’s attorney of Fluvanna county 
for many years. President of the Virginia State Bar Asso¬ 
ciation 1898. 

NATHAN PHILLIPS, Floyd, Va. Represents Floyd and 
Franklin counties. Republican. 

JOHN GARLAND POLLARD, Richmond, Va. Represents 
city of Richmond. Democrat. Born in King and Queen 
county, Va., August 4, 1871. Lawyer. Educated at the pub¬ 
lic schools, Richmond College, and Columbian University. 
Degree B. L. from Columbian University. Member of I. O. 
O. F. and Beta Theta Pi Fraternity. 

WILLIAM NATHANIEL PORTLOCK, Norfolk, Va. Rep¬ 
resents Norfolk county. Democrat. Born in Norfolk county 
in 1854. Educated at Bethel Academy and the University of 
Virginia. Lawyer. Formerly clerk of the Circuit Court of 
Norfolk county, an.fi also treasurer of the county. Judge of 
the County Court of Norfolk county since 1892. Member of 
the Alpha Tan Omega Fraternity. 

JULIAN MINOR QUARLES, Staunton, Va. Represents 
city of Staunton and Augusta county. Democrat. Born in 
Caroline county September, 1848. Educated at Pine Hill 
and Aspen Academies and University of Virginia. Lawyer. 
Formerly county judge of-Augusta county. Member of Fifty- 
sixth Congress. 

JAMES B. RICHMOND, Gate City, Va. Represents Scott 
county. Democrat. Born February 27, 1842. Educated in 
common schools. Lawyer. Member of Virginia House of 
Delegates 1874-75. Member of Forty-sixth united States 
Congress. County judge of Scott. Colonel in Confederate 
army. 

TIMOTHY RIVES, Rives, Prince George county, Va. Rep¬ 
resents Prince George and Surry counties. Democrat. Born 
in Prince George'county November 2, 1854. Educated at 
private school and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. B. L. of 
Richmond College. Lawyer. Formerly superintendent of 
public schools of Surry county. Judge of Surry and Prince 
George counties since 1884. 

WILLIAM GORDON ROBERTSON, Roanoke. Va. Repre- 


69 


sents Roanoke and Craig: counties and city of Roanoke. 
Democrat. Born in Charlottesville, Va., February 12, 1856. 
B. L. and A. B. University of Virginia. Lawyer. Formerly 
Judge of Hustings Court of Roanoke City. 

FRANCIS LEE SMITH, Alexandria, Va. Represents Alex¬ 
andria county and city. Democrat. Born in Alexandria, 
Va., October 6, 1845. Educated at Virginia Military Insti¬ 
tute. Lawyer. Formerly city attorney and member of 
Board of Aldermen of Alexandria. State Senator 1879-’83. 
Member of Board of Visitors Virginia Military Institute, 
Lexington, Va. Officer in the Confederate army. Mason. 

JOSEPH STEBBINS, South Boston. Va. Represents Hali¬ 
fax county. Democrat. Born in Petersburg, Va.. June 14, 
1850. Educated in the private schools of Halifax county 
and in Tighe's Classical School, of Richmond, Va. Merchant. 
President of Bank of South Boston. 

HENRY CARTER STIJART, Elk Garden, Va. Represents 
Russell county. Democrat. Born Wytheville, Va., January 
18, 1855. Educated at Emory and Henry College (A. B.) and 
University of Virginia. Farmer and business man. For¬ 
merly member of State Democratic Executive Committee. 

JOHN C. SUMMERS, Bristol, Va. Represents Washington 
county and Bristol city. Independent. 

GEORGE PATRICK TARRY, Tarry’s Mill, Va. Repre¬ 
sents Mecklenburg county. Democrat. Born in Mecklen¬ 
burg county May 12, 1841. Educated at the University of 
North Carolina and University of Virginia. Planter. Served 
in Confederate army. 

ALFRED PEMBROKE THOM, Norfolk. Va. Represents 
city of Norfolk. Democrat. Born in Northampton county, 
Va., December 15, 1854. Educated at Richmond College and 
University of Virginia. Lawyer. 

JAMES BANKHEAD TAYLOR THORNTON, Manassas, 
Va. Represents Prince William county. Democrat. Born 
at Brentsville, Va., October 26, 1856. Educated at William 
and Mary College and University of Virginia. Lawyer. For¬ 
merly superintendent of schools. Commonwealth’s attorney 
since 1891. 

ROBERT TURNBULL, Lawrencevillc, Va. Represents 
Brunswick county. Democrat. Born at Lawrenceville, Va., 
January 11, 1850. B. L. University of Virginia. Lawyer. 
Clerk of Brunswick county for eight years. State Senator 
from 1895 to 1899. 

G. L. VINCENT 1 , Emporia, Va. Represents Greeneville and 
Sussex counties. Democrat. Born September 3, 1867, in 


70 


Maryland. Educated in public schools of Maryland. Lum¬ 
ber merchant. 

SAMUEL P. WADDILL, Henrico county, Va. Represents 
Henrico county. Democrat. Born in Charles City county, 
Va., December 15, 1852. Educated in private schools. Clerk 
of Henrico County Court. 

CYRUS HARDING WALKER, Heathsville, Va. Repre¬ 
sents Northumberland and Westmoreland counties Demo¬ 
crat. Born in Northumberland county January 27, 1859. 
Educated at home, in private schools, and University of 
Virginia. Lawyer. Professor in Davis Military School, 
North Carolina, 1883-’93. Member of House of Delegates 
1S91-’98, and State Senator since 1898. Member of the Phi 
Kappa Sigma Fraternity. 

A. C. WALTER. Represents Orange county. Republican. 

WALTER ALLEN WATSON. Nottoway county, Va. Rep¬ 
resents Amelia and Nottoway counties. Democrat. Born in 
Nottoway county, Va., November 25, 1867. Lawyer. Edu¬ 
cated in the public schools, Dr. Wharey’s Academy, Hamp- 
den-Sidney College, and University of Virginia. State Sen¬ 
ator 1891-’95. Now Commonwealth’s attorney for Nottoway 
county. 

N. B. WESCOTT, Accomac Courthouse. Represents Ac- 
comac county. Democrat. Lawyer. 

J. M. WILLIS, Hampton, Va. Represents Elizabeth City 
and Accomac counties. Democrat. Superintendent of 
schools, Hampton. 

GEORGE DOUGLAS WISE. Richmond, Va. Represents 
Richmond city. Democrat. Born in Accomac county 1835. 
Lawyer. Educated in Washington city, Indiana University, 
and William and Mary College. Commonwealth’s attorney 
for Richmond 1870-’80. Served seven terms in Congress, 
1880-’94. Lieutenant in the Confederate army. Member Lee 
and Pickett’s Camps, Confederate Veterans. Mason. 

EUGENE WITHERS, Danville, Va. Represents Pittsyl¬ 
vania county and city of Danville. Democrat. Born in Cas¬ 
well county, N. C., January 22, 1867. Educated at University 
of Virginia. Ph. B. of University of North Carolina. Law¬ 
yer. Member of State Legislature 1893-’94, of State Senate 
1895-’98. Presidential elector 1900. Mason, Odd-Fellow, and 
Elk. 

JONATHAN WOODHOUSE, Nimmo, Princess Anne 
county, Va. Represents Princess Anne county. Democrat. 
Born in Princess Anne county, Va., January 26, 1850. Mer¬ 
chant and manufacturer of lumber. Educated at Norfolk, 



71 


Va. Postmaster of Nimmo. President of Princess Anne 
Telephone Company. Member of Knights of Pythias. 

J. C. WYSOR, Newbern, Va. Represents Pulaski and Giles 
counties. Democrat. Lawyer. 

W. T. YANCEY. Woodville, Va. Represents Rappahan¬ 
nock county. Democrat. Born May 3, 1S57, in Rappahan¬ 
nock county. Educated by private teachers at home. 
Farmer. County chairman of the Democratic party. Was 
chairman of Electoral Board for fifteen years. 


Counties and by Whom Represented. 


Accomac—N. B. Wescott. 

Albemarle and Charlottesville—James H. Lindsay, W. H. 
Boaz. 

Alexandria City and County—F. L. Smith. 

Alleghany, Bath and Highland—George K. Anderson. 
Amherst—C. J. Campbell. 

Augusta and Staunton—A. C. Braxton. J. M. Quarles. 

Bedford—John Goode, John Thompson Brown. 

Botetourt—James Mundv (Rep.). 

Brunswick—Robert Turnbull. 

Buchanan, Dickenson and Wise—Rufus A. Ayers. 
Buckingham and Cumberland—E. W. Hubard. 

Campbell—John W. Daniel. 

Campbell and Appomattox—H. D. Flood. 

Caroline—William L. Cobb. 

Carroll—D. W. Bolen. 

Charlotte—D. Q. Eggleston. 

Chesterfield, Manchester and Powhatan—B. A. Hancock, 
John Henry Ingram. 

Clarke and Warren—D. C. O’Flaherty. 

Craig, Roanoke City and County—J. W. Marshall, W. G. 
Robertson. 

Culpeper—John S. Barbour. 

Dinwiddie—Branch J. Epes. 

Elizabeth City and Accomac—J. M. Willis. 

Essex and Middlesex—J. A. Bristow (Rep.). 

Fairfax—Robert Walton Moore. 

Fauquier—Eppa Hunton. Jr. 

Floyd and Franklin—Nathan Phillips (Rep.). 

Fluvanna and Goochland—W. B. Pettit. 

Franklin—B. A. Davis (Rep.). 

Frederick and Winchester—Thomas W. Harrison. 
Gloucester and Mathews—G. T. Garnett. 

Grayson—T. L. Gwyn. 

Greene and Madison—E. H. Lovell. 

Greenville and Sussex—Gordon L. Vincent. 

Halifax—Wood Bouldin, Joseph Stebbins. 

Hanover—Llill Carter. 

Henrico—S. P. Waddill. 

Henry—A. L. Pedigo. 

Isle of Wight—John W. Lawson. 

King and Queen—C. B. Jones. 

King William and Hanover—Roger Gregory. 



73 


Lancaster and Richmond—W. F. Dunaway. 

Lee—J. W. Orr. 

Loudoun—Henry Fairfax. 

Loudoun and Fauquier—Albert Fletcher. 

Louisa—R. L. Gordon. 

Lynchburg City—Carter Glass. 

Lunenburg—L. A. Hardy. 

Mecklenburg—G. P. Tarry. 

Montgomery and Radford—T. L. Moore (Rep.). 

Nansemond—Thomas H. Barnes. 

Nelson—B. T. Gordon. 

New Kent. Charles City, James City, Warwick, York, Wil¬ 
liamsburg, and Newport News—M. H. Barnes. 

Norfolk City—A. P. Thom, D. Tucker Brooke. 

Norfolk County—W. N. Portlock. 

Northampton and Accomac—Gilmer S. Kendall. 
Northumberland and Westmoreland—C. H. Walker. 
Nottoway and Amelia—W. A. Watson. 

Orange—A. C. Walter. 

Page and Rappahannock—R. S. Parks. 

Patrick—James M. Hooker. 

Petersburg—W. E. Cameron, Alexander Hamilton. 
Pittsylvania and Danville—Berryman Green, Geo. W. Jones, 
Charles E. Miller. Eugene Withers. 

Portsmouth—Goodrich Hatton. 

Princess Anne—Jonathan Woodhouse. 

Prince Edward—Richard Mcllwaine. 

Prince George and Surry—Timothy Rives. 

Prince William—J. B. T. Thornton. 

Pulaski and Giles—J. C. Wysor. 

Rappahannock—W. T. Yancey. 

Richmond City—V. Newton, C. V. Meredith, George D. Wise, 
John Garland Pollard, and James W. Gordon. 

Rockbridge and Buena Vista—J. W. Gilmore, William A. 
Anderson. 

Rockingham—George N. Earman (Rep.), G. B. Keezel. 
Russell—H. C. Stuart. I 
Scott—J. B. Richmnod. 

Shenandoah—H. B. Chapman. 

Southampton—Joseph L. Barham. - 
Smyth and Bland—A. L. Lincoln (Rep.). 

Spotsylvania and Fredericksburg—£1. F. Crismond. 

Stafford and King George—T. J. Moncure. 

Tazewell—Albert Gillespie (Rep.). 

Washington—John C. Summers (Rep.), P. W. Campbell. 
Wythe—Robert W. Blair (Rep.). 


74 


Committee on Preamble and Bill of Rights, and Division of the Powers 

of Government. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


ing committees, which follows: 

Committee on Preamble and Bill of 
Rights, the Division of Governmental 
Powers and on such Portions of the Con¬ 
stitution as shall not be Referred to oth¬ 
er Committees—Berryman Green, William 
B. Pettit, Hill Carter, John S. Barbour, 
, N. B. Westcott, David Q. Eggleston, 
Goodrich Hatton, R. S. Parks, Preston 
B. Campbell, Branch J. Epes, Abram 
B. Pedigo. 




75 


Committee on Legislative Department. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee ] 


. • • • 

Committee on Legislative Department 
except such matters as come within the 
jurisdiction of other standing commit¬ 
tees—R. AValton Moore. W. Gordon Rob¬ 
ertson, Hill Carter, N. B. Westcott, Rob¬ 
ert Turnbull. Thomas W. Harrison, Jas. 
B. Richmond, James M. Hooker, John W. 
Lawson, J. M. Quarles, Robt. \V, Blair. 




76 

Committee on the Elective Franchise and Qualifications for Office. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


Committee on Elective Franchise, Qual- 
ication for Office, Basis of Representation 
and Appointment and on Elections.—John 
W. Daniel, Wm. A. Anderson, H. D. 
Flood, John H. Ingram, Alexander Ham¬ 
ilton, George D. Wise, J. C. Wysor, Al¬ 
fred P. Thom, R. Lindsay Gordon, Jas. 
H. Lindsay, Claggett B. Jones, Henry C. 
Stuart, Berryman Green, Wood Bouldin, 
D. W. Bolen, Walter A. Watson, Francis 
L. Smith, Gilmer S. Kendall, Thomas H. 
Barnes, Thomas W. Harrison, Albert P. 
Gill spio, Thomas L. Moore. 






77 


Committee on the Basis of Representation and Apportionment. 

[Here insert names of members of tlie above committee.] 



78 


Committee on the Executive Department of Government. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


j Committee on the Executive Depart- • 
j ments, Ministerial Offices of the State 
' Government and Bureaus—Wm. E. Oam- 
' eron, Carter Glass, Beverly A. Hancock, 

1 Henry Fairfax, James W. Marshall, C. 

I Harding' Walker, E. H. Lovell. H. D. 
Flood, James M. Hooker, Joseph L. Bar¬ 
ham, Robert W. Blair. . *' ■„ • 





79 


Committee on the Judiciary, excepting County and Corporation Courts. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


Committee on Judiciary-Eppa Hunton, 
Jr.. Charles V. Meredith. 

Robertson, Eugene Withers-, E. 

Cameron. Alfred P. Thom. Bennett . 
Gordon. David Q. Eggleston hranus E. 
Smith. R. S. Parks, Rufus A. Ayers ,_ A. 
Caperton Braxton, C. Harding^ _ 

John C. Summers. Thomas E. Moore. 




80 


Committee on Education and the Funds Relating Thereto. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee ] 


A 


i 


committee on Education and Public 
Instruction,—Richard Mpllwaine, Carter 
Glass, John W. Lawson, John Thompson 
Brown. Walter A. Watson, J. B. T. 
Thornton,' John G. Pollard, W. F. Dun¬ 
away, Preston W. Campbell. John M. 
Willis, E. H. Lovell, James W. Gilmore, 
George W. Jones, George L. Earman/ A. 
T. Lincoln. 



81 


Committee on Taxation and Finance. 

LHere insert names of members of tlie above committee.] 


' Committee on Taxation and Finance— 
Virginius Newton, Henry Fairfax, John 
Thompson Brown, William H. Boaz, Alex¬ 
ander Hamilton, Henry C. Stuart, George 
B. Keezell, Albert Fletcher. Joseph Steb- i 
bins, B. T. Gordon, Goodrich Hatton, j 
Charles V. Meredith. G. Taylor Garnett, 
B. A. Davis, James Mundv . 





82 


Committee on County and Corporation Courts and County Organizations. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


Committee on the Organization and f 
Government of Counties—Thomas H. 
Barnes, Eugene Withers, G. Taylor Gar¬ 
nett, George B. Keezell. Beverly A. Han¬ 
cock, J. B. T. Thornton. George P. Tarry, 

J. W. Orr. James W. Gilmore. Albert 
Fletcher. Manly H. Barnes, Jonathan 
Woodhouse. Joseph Stebbins, A. C. Wal- J 
ter. Joseph A. Bristow. 


and 


Committee on the Organization 

Cities and Towns is. 

\V. Gordon, Jas. 


of 


Government 

Tucker Brooke. James ,r rr rri*- 

W. Marshall. Timothy BivCs, H. F. CriS 
mond, D. W. Bolen. D. C. ° T ahe . 
John S. Barbour, George K. Anderson, 
Wood Bouldin, John C. Summers. 









83 


Committee on Limitations and Guarantees. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee ] 


Committee on the Journal and on the 
enrollment of the Ordinances and Resolu¬ 
tions of the Convention—James H. Lind¬ 
say, James. W. Marshall, Manly H. 
Barnes, Timothy Rives, J. B. T. Thorn¬ 
ton, John Thompson Brown, S. W, Hu« 

Committee on Accounts and Expendi¬ 
tures of the Convention—C. Harding 
' Walker, H. B. Chapman, Samuel P. Wad- 
J dill. Carter Glass, John S. Barbour, J. 

' W. Orr, E. W. Hubard. Jonathan Wood- 
j house, G. E. Vincent, C. E. Miller,' Na¬ 
than . Phillips. 

Committee on Privileges and Elections— 

: Thomas YV. Harrison, Robert Turnbull, 
George K. Anderson, John G. Pollard, W. 

F. Dunaway, J. M, Willis, J. M. Quarles, 

A. I., Pedigo, Thomas E. Moore, Albert 
! P. Gill or pie. A. C. Walter. 

Committee on Rules—Claggett B. Jones, 
George D. Wise, William B. Pettit, J. 

B. Richmond, Wood Bouldin, Thomas J. 
Moncure, Branch J. Epes, William N. 
Portlock, D. C. O'Flaherty, T. E. Gwyn, 

A. T. Eificoln. 

j Committee on Corporations—A. Caper- 
! ton Braxton, D. Tucker Brooke, J. C. 
i Wysor, John H. Ingram. Joseph Stebbins, 
Gilmer S. Kendall, W. T. Yancey, Rich- 
ard Mcllwaine, Eppa. Hunton, Jr., George 
W. Jones. Robert W. Blair. j 







84 


Committee on Currency, Banking and Insurance. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 



85 


Committee on Public Institutions. 


[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 



86 


Committee on Prisons and the Preventives and Punishment of Crime. 


[Here insert names of members of tlie above committee.] 



87 


Committee on Military Affairs. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee ] 


) 


3 


) 



88 


Committee on the Pardoning Power. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


o' \ 



89 


Committee on Agricultural and Industrial Interests, and Immigration. 

[Here insert names of members of tlie above committee ] 



90 


Committee on Internal Improvements. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 




91 


Committee on Revision and Adjustment. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee ] 



92 


Committee on Future Revision and Amendment of Constitution. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 


Committee on Final Revision and Ad- j 
justment of the various provisions of the 
Constitution, that may be agreed upon, 
and upon the schedule—William A. An¬ 
derson. John \V. Daniel, William E. Cam¬ 
eron, R. Walton Moore, Roger Gregory, 
William H. Boaz, Berryman Green. Clag- 
gett B. Jones, J. C. Wysor, D. Tucker 
Rrooke and B. A. Davis. 




93 


Committee on Schedule. 

[Here insert names of members of the above committee.] 




















I 













































- 
















. 
















































